Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Mar 28;32(3):269-277. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2202.02019.
Human activities account for approximately two-thirds of global methane emissions, wherein the livestock sector is the single massive methane emitter. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas of over 21 times the warming effect of carbon dioxide. In the rumen, methanogens produce methane as a by-product of anaerobic fermentation. Methane released from ruminants is considered as a loss of feed energy that could otherwise be used for productivity. Economic progress and growing population will inflate meat and milk product demands, causing elevated methane emissions from this sector. In this review, diverse approaches from feed manipulation to the supplementation of organic and inorganic feed additives and direct-fed microbial in mitigating enteric methane emissions from ruminant livestock are summarized. These approaches directly or indirectly alter the rumen microbial structure thereby reducing rumen methanogenesis. Though many inorganic feed additives have remarkably reduced methane emissions from ruminants, their usage as feed additives remains unappealing because of health and safety concerns. Hence, feed additives sourced from biological materials such as direct-fed microbials have emerged as a promising technique in mitigating enteric methane emissions.
人为活动约占全球甲烷排放量的三分之二，其中畜牧业是单一的大量甲烷排放源。甲烷是一种强有力的温室气体，其增温效应是二氧化碳的 21 倍以上。在瘤胃中，产甲烷菌会产生甲烷作为厌氧发酵的副产物。反刍动物释放的甲烷被认为是饲料能量的损失，否则这些能量可用于提高生产力。经济的发展和人口的增长将增加对肉类和奶制品的需求，从而导致该行业的甲烷排放量增加。在这篇综述中，总结了从饲料管理到有机和无机饲料添加剂补充以及直接饲喂微生物等多种方法来减少反刍动物肠道甲烷排放。这些方法直接或间接改变了瘤胃微生物结构，从而减少了瘤胃甲烷生成。尽管许多无机饲料添加剂显著减少了反刍动物的甲烷排放，但由于健康和安全问题，它们作为饲料添加剂的使用仍然不受欢迎。因此，直接饲喂微生物等生物材料来源的饲料添加剂已成为减少肠道甲烷排放的一种有前途的技术。
