Faiela Candido, Sevene Esperanca
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.
Department of Physiological Science, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.
S Afr J Infect Dis. 2022 Feb 28;37(1):340. doi: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.340. eCollection 2022.
Antibiotic overuse is a major public health challenge worldwide and it can result in the emergence and spread of drug resistance. In Mozambique, there are limited data related to primary care physicians' antibiotic prescription patterns. The aim of this study was to assess the antibiotic prescription patterns for HIV- positive patients in primary health care.
A prospective cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in eight primary health care units in Southern Mozambique. The study was based on recording outpatient prescriptions using a structured questionnaire. Three hundred and sixty-nine prescriptions and clinical records of HIV-positive patients from 31 prescribers were assessed. A total of eight general practitioners, 13 medical technicians and 10 nurses participated.
Antibiotics were used in 65.9% of prescriptions, with an average of 0.9 antibiotics per prescription. Of a total of 334 prescribed antibiotics, 69.8% were for the treatment of infections and 30.2% for prophylaxis. Penicillin (29.2%), sulphonamides (19.7%), and quinolones (16.3%) were the most prescribed classes of antibiotics for treatment. For prophylaxis, only sulphonamides (93.1%) and macrolides (6.9%) were prescribed. The diagnosis was the only variable that had a significant association with antibiotic prescription ( < 0.001). Most of penicillins (68.0%) and sulphonamides (21.4%) were prescribed to treat infections related to the respiratory tract.
The prescription of antibiotics was high and influenced by patient clinical conditions. Antibiotics were prescribed either for treatment or prophylaxis of infections, mostly to treat respiratory tract infections. Prescribers should be encouraged to adopt a rational use of antibiotics to reduce unnecessary prescriptions.
抗生素的过度使用是全球主要的公共卫生挑战，它会导致耐药性的出现和传播。在莫桑比克，与初级保健医生抗生素处方模式相关的数据有限。本研究的目的是评估初级卫生保健中艾滋病毒阳性患者的抗生素处方模式。
在莫桑比克南部的八个初级卫生保健单位进行了一项前瞻性横断面定量研究。该研究基于使用结构化问卷记录门诊处方。对来自31名开处方者的369份艾滋病毒阳性患者的处方和临床记录进行了评估。共有8名全科医生、13名医学技术人员和10名护士参与。
65.9%的处方使用了抗生素，平均每张处方使用0.9种抗生素。在总共334种开具的抗生素中，69.8%用于治疗感染，30.2%用于预防。青霉素（29.2%）、磺胺类药物（19.7%）和喹诺酮类药物（16.3%）是治疗中最常开具的抗生素类别。对于预防，仅开具了磺胺类药物（93.1%）和大环内酯类药物（6.9%）。诊断是与抗生素处方有显著关联的唯一变量（<0.001）。大多数青霉素（68.0%）和磺胺类药物（21.4%）被开用于治疗呼吸道相关感染。
抗生素处方率较高，且受患者临床状况影响。抗生素用于治疗或预防感染，主要是治疗呼吸道感染。应鼓励开处方者合理使用抗生素，以减少不必要的处方。
