Calvani Nichola Eliza Davies, Wright Megan, White Joanna, Stepkovitch Ben, Francis Emily, Rivory Phoebe, Wong Bianca, Wilson Thea, Walker Madalyn, Martin Patricia, Dickman Christopher, Šlapeta Jan
Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia.
Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, H91 DK59, Galway, Ireland.
Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis. 2021 Jul 16;1:100028. doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100028. eCollection 2021.
(syn. ) is a zoonotic trichuroid nematode parasite of dogs, cats and wild carnivores with a global distribution. The main reservoir species in Europe is the red fox, where it has been detected in up to 97% of animals surveyed. Despite the burgeoning feral cat and fox population in Australia, there is a paucity of information about the occurrence and molecular identity of in these species. The occurrence of a gravid capillariid nematode in the bronchoalveolar lavage of a 12-week-old kitten from central New South Wales (NSW), with a history of lower respiratory signs that had been non-responsive to treatment with metronidazole or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, prompted a detailed morphological and molecular investigation into the identity of the parasite including the examination of opportunistically-collected red fox tracheas from the region. A combination of PCR and next-generation sequencing yielded the first complete mitochondrial genome of , collected from the red foxes in Australia, and revealed the presence of a cryptic [] sp. in the kitten from central NSW. The protein-coding genes were 14-23% and 5-30% different (pairwise distance) at the nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively, which suggests the occurrence of a genetically distinct sp. lineage in Australia. The phylogenetic analysis using both Bayesian and the maximum likelihood methods demonstrated monophyly of the Trichuridae plus Capillariidae using amino acid sequences encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Analysis based on complete rDNA sequences of [] sp. and placed them within spp. from the respiratory tract of their hosts. While spp. may not currently pose a significant threat to companion animals in Australia, their status as a recently emerged pathogen in Europe suggest that greater efforts should be made to understand the distribution and epidemiology of these parasites.
（同义词）是一种人畜共患的毛首线虫寄生虫，寄生于犬、猫和野生食肉动物，分布于全球。欧洲的主要储存宿主物种是赤狐，在接受调查的动物中，高达97%检测到该寄生虫。尽管澳大利亚的野猫和狐狸数量不断增加，但关于这些物种中该寄生虫的发生情况和分子特征的信息却很少。新南威尔士州中部一只12周龄小猫的支气管肺泡灌洗物中出现一条成熟的毛细线虫，该小猫有下呼吸道症状病史，对甲硝唑或阿莫西林-克拉维酸治疗无反应，这促使对该寄生虫的身份进行详细的形态学和分子研究，包括检查从该地区机会性收集的赤狐气管。聚合酶链反应（PCR）和下一代测序相结合，产生了从澳大利亚赤狐中收集到的该寄生虫的首个完整线粒体基因组，并揭示新南威尔士州中部小猫体内存在一种隐性[物种名称]。蛋白质编码基因在核苷酸和氨基酸序列上的差异分别为14 - 23%和5 - 30%（成对距离），这表明在澳大利亚存在一个遗传上不同的[物种名称]谱系。使用贝叶斯方法和最大似然方法进行的系统发育分析表明，使用线粒体DNA编码的氨基酸序列，鞭虫科和毛细科是单系的。基于[物种名称]和[另一物种名称]完整核糖体DNA序列的分析将它们置于其宿主呼吸道的[物种名称]属内。虽然[物种名称]目前可能不会对澳大利亚的伴侣动物构成重大威胁，但它们在欧洲作为一种新出现的病原体的地位表明，应该做出更大努力来了解这些寄生虫的分布和流行病学。
