State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.
State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2022 Apr;19(4):409-419. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2053673. Epub 2022 Mar 25.
High drug delivery efficiency, desirable therapeutic effects, and low toxicity have become crucial to develop nanotherapeutics. Natural nanoparticles (NPs) from edible plants contain a large quantity of bioactive small molecules, proteins, glycolipids, and microRNAs. The development of these NPs has rapidly attracted increasing attention due to their merits of green production, excellent biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory activities, and antitumor capacities.
Here, we introduce the extraction, purification, and construction strategies of plant-derived exosome-like NPs (PDENs) and expound on their physicochemical properties, biomedical functions, and therapeutic effects against various diseases. We also recapitulate future directions and challenges of the emerging nanotherapeutics.
PDENs have been used as natural nanotherapeutics and nanocarriers. The challenges of applying PDENs primarily stem from the lack of understanding of the mechanisms that drive the tissue-specific targeting properties. Elucidating the underlying targeting mechanisms is one of the major focuses in this review, which helps to gain new research opportunities for the development of natural nanotherapeutics. Despite excellent biosafety and therapeutic effects in the treatment of various diseases, the medical translation of these NPs has still been limited by low yields and cold-chain dependence. Therefore, exploiting new techniques will be required for their massive production and storage.
提高药物输送效率、实现理想的治疗效果和降低毒性，这些已经成为开发纳米疗法的关键。天然纳米颗粒（NPs）来源于食用植物，其中包含大量具有生物活性的小分子、蛋白质、糖脂和 microRNAs。由于其绿色生产、良好的生物相容性、抗炎活性和抗肿瘤能力，这些 NPs 的开发迅速引起了越来越多的关注。
在这里，我们介绍了植物来源的外泌体样 NPs（PDENs）的提取、纯化和构建策略，并阐述了它们的物理化学性质、生物医学功能以及对各种疾病的治疗效果。我们还总结了新兴纳米疗法的未来方向和挑战。
PDENs 已被用作天然纳米疗法和纳米载体。应用 PDENs 的挑战主要源于对驱动组织特异性靶向特性的机制缺乏了解。阐明潜在的靶向机制是本综述的主要重点之一，这有助于为天然纳米疗法的开发带来新的研究机会。尽管在治疗各种疾病方面具有出色的生物安全性和治疗效果，但由于产量低和对冷链的依赖，这些 NPs 的医学转化仍然受到限制。因此，需要开发新技术来大规模生产和储存这些 NPs。
