Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan.
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Imam Jaafar AL-Sadiq, Baghdad, Iraq.
AAPS PharmSciTech. 2024 Jun 18;25(6):140. doi: 10.1208/s12249-024-02843-5.
Nanotechnology has significantly transformed cancer treatment by introducing innovative methods for delivering drugs effectively. This literature review provided an in-depth analysis of the role of nanocarriers in cancer therapy, with a particular focus on the critical concept of the 'stealth effect.' The stealth effect refers to the ability of nanocarriers to evade the immune system and overcome physiological barriers. The review investigated the design and composition of various nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles, and inorganic nanoparticles, highlighting the importance of surface modifications and functionalization. The complex interaction between the immune system, opsonization, phagocytosis, and the protein corona was examined to understand the stealth effect. The review carefully evaluated strategies to enhance the stealth effect, including surface coating with polymers, biomimetic camouflage, and targeting ligands. The in vivo behavior of stealth nanocarriers and their impact on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and toxicity were also systematically examined. Additionally, the review presented clinical applications, case studies of approved nanocarrier-based cancer therapies, and emerging formulations in clinical trials. Future directions and obstacles in the field, such as advancements in nanocarrier engineering, personalized nanomedicine, regulatory considerations, and ethical implications, were discussed in detail. The review concluded by summarizing key findings and emphasizing the transformative potential of stealth nanocarriers in revolutionizing cancer therapy. This review enhanced the comprehension of nanocarrier-based cancer therapies and their potential impact by providing insights into advanced studies, clinical applications, and regulatory considerations.
纳米技术通过引入有效的药物传递创新方法，极大地改变了癌症治疗方式。本文献综述深入分析了纳米载体在癌症治疗中的作用，特别关注了“隐形效应”这一关键概念。隐形效应是指纳米载体逃避免疫系统和克服生理屏障的能力。本综述研究了各种纳米载体的设计和组成，如脂质体、胶束和无机纳米粒子，强调了表面修饰和功能化的重要性。综述还研究了免疫系统、调理作用、吞噬作用和蛋白冠之间的复杂相互作用，以了解隐形效应。仔细评估了增强隐形效应的策略，包括用聚合物进行表面涂层、仿生伪装和靶向配体。还系统地研究了隐形纳米载体的体内行为及其对药代动力学、生物分布和毒性的影响。此外，还介绍了临床应用、已批准的基于纳米载体的癌症治疗的案例研究以及临床试验中的新兴制剂。详细讨论了该领域的未来方向和障碍，如纳米载体工程的进展、个性化纳米医学、监管考虑因素和伦理影响。最后，总结了关键发现，并强调了隐形纳米载体在癌症治疗领域的变革潜力。本综述通过提供对高级研究、临床应用和监管考虑的见解，增强了对基于纳米载体的癌症治疗及其潜在影响的理解。
