Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
J Med Internet Res. 2022 Mar 14;24(3):e33560. doi: 10.2196/33560.
Mental health disorders are a leading cause of medical disabilities across an individual's lifespan. This burden is particularly substantial in children and adolescents because of challenges in diagnosis and the lack of precision medicine approaches. However, the widespread adoption of wearable devices (eg, smart watches) that are conducive for artificial intelligence applications to remotely diagnose and manage psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents is promising.
This study aims to conduct a scoping review to study, characterize, and identify areas of innovations with wearable devices that can augment current in-person physician assessments to individualize diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry.
This scoping review used information from the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A comprehensive search of several databases from 2011 to June 25, 2021, limited to the English language and excluding animal studies, was conducted. The databases included Ovid MEDLINE and Epub ahead of print, in-process and other nonindexed citations, and daily; Ovid Embase; Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Web of Science; and Scopus.
The initial search yielded 344 articles, from which 19 (5.5%) articles were left on the final source list for this scoping review. Articles were divided into three main groups as follows: studies with the main focus on autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and internalizing disorders such as anxiety disorders. Most of the studies used either cardio-fitness chest straps with electrocardiogram sensors or wrist-worn biosensors, such as watches by Fitbit. Both allowed passive data collection of the physiological signals.
Our scoping review found a large heterogeneity of methods and findings in artificial intelligence studies in child psychiatry. Overall, the largest gap identified in this scoping review is the lack of randomized controlled trials, as most studies available were pilot studies and feasibility trials.
精神健康障碍是导致个体一生出现医疗残疾的主要原因。由于儿童和青少年在诊断方面存在挑战，且缺乏精准医疗方法，因此这种负担在儿童和青少年中尤为严重。然而，广泛采用有利于人工智能应用的可穿戴设备（如智能手表）来远程诊断和管理儿童和青少年的精神疾病具有广阔的前景。
本研究旨在进行范围界定审查，研究、描述和确定可穿戴设备在创新方面的领域，这些领域可以增强当前的医生面诊评估，从而实现儿童和青少年精神科精神疾病的个体化诊断和管理。
本范围界定审查使用了 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）指南中的信息。从 2011 年至 2021 年 6 月 25 日，对几个数据库进行了全面搜索，限于英文且排除了动物研究。这些数据库包括 Ovid MEDLINE 和 Epub ahead of print、in-process 和其他非索引引文、以及每日更新的 Ovid Embase、Ovid Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库、Ovid Cochrane 系统评价数据库、Web of Science 和 Scopus。
最初的搜索产生了 344 篇文章，其中 19 篇（5.5%）文章被列入本次范围界定审查的最终来源列表。文章分为三组，主要集中在自闭症谱系障碍、注意力缺陷/多动障碍和内化障碍（如焦虑障碍）的研究。大多数研究使用带心电图传感器的胸带或腕带生物传感器，如 Fitbit 手表，都可以被动地收集生理信号。
我们的范围界定审查发现，儿童精神病学人工智能研究方法和发现存在很大的异质性。总体而言，本范围界定审查中发现的最大差距是缺乏随机对照试验，因为大多数可用的研究都是试点研究和可行性试验。
