School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
Harmful Algae. 2022 Mar;113:102206. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102206. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
In the dinophyte genus Ostreopsis, seven out of 11 described species are known to produce various toxic compounds that were characterized in the palytoxins family. Species in the genus shared identical thecal plate patterns but differed in size, shape, and thecal plate ornamentation. Two species, O. cf. ovata and O. siamensis, have been reported from the Western Pacific, but information on toxin production is scarce. Here, we established nine strains of Ostreopsis from six localities in the South China Sea (SCS), covering the Gulf of Thailand, northern SCS (Hainan Island, Beibu Bay), and southern SCS (Peninsular Malaysia). Their morphology was examined by light and electron microscopy and the molecular phylogeny was inferred based on the LSU rDNA (D1-D3) and ITS rDNA sequences using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Both O. cf. ovata and O. siamensis, albeit morphologically closely related, can be distinguished by a feature of the thecal pores with pronounced ridges in the latter. Molecular data further supported their species identity. Toxin production in the strains was examined by LC-MS/MS. O. cf. ovata strain T5PRBost02 was observed to produce Ovatoxin-k and Ovatoxin-j2 only; while Ostreocin-B and Ostreocin-D was produced by O. siamensis strain T10PRBost04. This is the first report confirming the production of palytoxins analogs in Ostreopsis species from the region.
在沟鞭藻类属中，有 11 个已描述的物种，其中 7 个已知会产生各种被归类为石房蛤毒素家族的毒性化合物。该属中的物种具有相同的壳板图案，但在大小、形状和壳板装饰上有所不同。有两个物种，即卵形拟菱形藻和暹罗拟菱形藻，已从西太平洋报道，但关于毒素产生的信息很少。在这里，我们从南海（SCS）的六个地方建立了 9 株沟鞭藻类，包括泰国湾、南海北部（海南岛、北部湾）和南海南部（马来半岛）。通过光镜和电子显微镜检查了它们的形态，并基于 LSU rDNA（D1-D3）和 ITS rDNA 序列，通过最大似然法和贝叶斯推断法推断了分子系统发育。尽管卵形拟菱形藻和暹罗拟菱形藻在形态上密切相关，但后者的壳孔具有明显脊的特征可以将它们区分开来。分子数据进一步支持了它们的物种身份。通过 LC-MS/MS 检查了菌株的毒素产生情况。观察到卵形拟菱形藻 T5PRBost02 株仅产生 Ovatoxin-k 和 Ovatoxin-j2；而暹罗拟菱形藻 T10PRBost04 株产生石房蛤毒素-B 和石房蛤毒素-D。这是首次确认该地区拟菱形藻属产生石房蛤毒素类似物的报告。
