Davidson Karina W, Barry Michael J, Mangione Carol M, Cabana Michael, Chelmow David, Coker Tumaini Rucker, Davis Esa M, Donahue Katrina E, Jaén Carlos Roberto, Kubik Martha, Li Li, Ogedegbe Gbenga, Pbert Lori, Ruiz John M, Silverstein Michael, Stevermer James, Wong John B
Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA. 2022 Mar 15;327(11):1061-1067. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.1806.
Eating disorders (eg, binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa) are a group of psychiatric conditions defined as a disturbance in eating or eating-related behaviors that impair physical or psychosocial functioning. According to large US cohort studies, estimated lifetime prevalences for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder in adult women are 1.42%, 0.46%, and 1.25%, respectively, and are lower in adult men (anorexia nervosa, 0.12%; bulimia nervosa, 0.08%; binge eating disorder, 0.42%). Eating disorder prevalence ranges from 0.3% to 2.3% in adolescent females and 0.3% to 1.3% in adolescent males. Eating disorders are associated with short-term and long-term adverse health outcomes, including physical, psychological, and social problems.
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults with a normal or high body mass index. Evidence limited to populations who are underweight or have other physical signs or symptoms of eating disorders was not considered. The USPSTF has not previously made a recommendation on this topic.
Adolescents and adults (10 years or older) who have no signs or symptoms of eating disorders (eg, rapid weight loss, weight gain, or pronounced deviation from growth trajectory; pubertal delay; bradycardia; oligomenorrhea; and amenorrhea).
The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults. The evidence is limited and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined.
The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults. (I statement).
饮食失调（如暴饮暴食症、神经性贪食症和神经性厌食症）是一组精神疾病，定义为饮食或与饮食相关行为的紊乱，会损害身体或心理社会功能。根据美国大型队列研究，成年女性中神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症和暴饮暴食症的终生患病率估计分别为1.42%、0.46%和1.25%，成年男性的患病率较低（神经性厌食症为0.12%；神经性贪食症为0.08%；暴饮暴食症为0.42%）。青少年女性的饮食失调患病率在0.3%至2.3%之间，青少年男性在0.3%至1.3%之间。饮食失调与短期和长期不良健康后果相关，包括身体、心理和社会问题。
美国预防服务工作组（USPSTF）委托进行了一项系统评价，以评估对体重指数正常或较高的青少年和成年人筛查饮食失调的益处和危害。仅限于体重过轻或有其他饮食失调身体体征或症状人群的证据未被考虑。USPSTF此前未就该主题提出建议。
没有饮食失调体征或症状（如体重快速减轻、体重增加或生长轨迹明显偏离；青春期延迟；心动过缓；月经过少；闭经）的青少年和成年人（10岁及以上）。
USPSTF得出结论，证据不足以评估对青少年和成年人筛查饮食失调的益处和危害的平衡。证据有限，益处和危害的平衡无法确定。
USPSTF得出结论，目前的证据不足以评估对青少年和成年人筛查饮食失调的益处和危害的平衡。（I声明）
