Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, University of Innovation, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India.
Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, University of Innovation, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2022 Apr;177:113509. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113509. Epub 2022 Mar 12.
Plastic comprises of variety of polymers and has many applications, but the waste generated by plastic pose threat to environment and marine life. Plastic can be classified into two types: thermoplastics and thermosetting and are divided into 7 different categories: (Polyethylene Terephthalate [PETE], High-Density Polyethylene [HDPE], Polyvinyl Chloride [PVC], Low-Density Polyethylene [LDPE], Polypropylene [PP], Polystyrene or Styrofoam [PS] & Polycarbonate or ABS [others]). To curb the deleterious effects of plastic waste various methods have been devised and utilized that include chemical, physical and biological treatments. One of the aspects primarily focused by the researchers is the phenomenon of biodegradation and there are many microorganisms (bacteria) that have the ability to carry out this particular process. These bacteria assist biodegradation by production of several enzymes like PETases and MHETases. There are few microorganisms that have been listed which cannot be applied for industrial use due to its low biodegradation capacity. To overcome this problem, PHA is one of the alternatives to replace the synthetic plastic due to its high degrading capacity.
塑料由多种聚合物组成，具有许多应用，但塑料产生的废物对环境和海洋生物构成威胁。塑料可以分为两类：热塑性塑料和热固性塑料，分为 7 种不同类型：（聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯[PETE]、高密度聚乙烯[HDPE]、聚氯乙烯[PVC]、低密度聚乙烯[LDPE]、聚丙烯[PP]、聚苯乙烯或泡沫聚苯乙烯[PS]和聚碳酸酯或 ABS[其他]）。为了遏制塑料废物的有害影响，已经设计并利用了各种方法，包括化学、物理和生物处理。研究人员主要关注的一个方面是生物降解现象，有许多微生物（细菌）能够进行这个特殊的过程。这些细菌通过产生几种酶，如 PETases 和 MHETases，来帮助生物降解。有一些微生物被列出，由于其低生物降解能力，不能用于工业用途。为了克服这个问题，PHA 是替代合成塑料的一种选择，因为它具有很高的降解能力。
