Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2022 Jul 5;77(7):1229-1239. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbac053.
Active lifestyles are related to higher levels of cognitive functioning. Fewer studies have examined the importance of engaging in different activities (activity variety) for cognitive functioning. Moreover, it is unclear whether activity variety in specific domains (i.e., cognitive, physical, or social) is important for cognitive health. The current study examined whether overall activity variety as well as variety in specific domains relate to cognitive functioning.
In Waves 2 and 3 of the Survey of Midlife Development in the United States, 3,337 adults reported their activity engagement and completed a cognitive battery. For longitudinal analyses, 2,049 participants were classified into 4 groups based on their rank ordering of activity variety across 9 years (remained high, increased, decreased, or remained low).
Cross-sectional analyses revealed that overall activity variety was related to higher cognitive functioning over and above activity frequency; physical and social activity variety each contributed significantly and uniquely to this association. Longitudinal analyses revealed that those with consistently low overall activity variety at both waves had lower cognitive functioning at Wave 3 than those with high activity variety at either wave, after adjusting for cognitive functioning at Wave 2. Those with consistently high or increasing social activity variety had higher cognitive functioning at Wave 3 than participants with low activity variety at both waves.
Findings suggest that activity variety, particularly in the social domain, is related to concurrent and future cognitive function across adulthood.
积极的生活方式与更高水平的认知功能有关。较少的研究探讨了从事不同活动（活动多样性）对认知功能的重要性。此外，活动多样性在特定领域（即认知、身体或社会）是否对认知健康很重要尚不清楚。本研究探讨了整体活动多样性以及特定领域的多样性是否与认知功能有关。
在美国的中年发展调查的第 2 波和第 3 波中，3337 名成年人报告了他们的活动参与情况，并完成了认知测试。对于纵向分析，根据他们在 9 年内的活动多样性的排名（保持高、增加、减少或保持低），2049 名参与者被分为 4 组。
横断面分析显示，整体活动多样性与认知功能有关，超过了活动频率；身体和社会活动多样性都对这种关联有显著和独特的贡献。纵向分析显示，在两个波次中整体活动多样性始终较低的参与者在第 3 波的认知功能比在两个波次中活动多样性都较高的参与者低，这是在调整了第 2 波的认知功能之后得出的结果。在两个波次中始终保持高或增加社会活动多样性的参与者在第 3 波的认知功能比在两个波次中活动多样性都较低的参与者高。
研究结果表明，活动多样性，特别是在社会领域，与成年期的并发和未来认知功能有关。
