Wang Li, Wang Zhaoshuo, Cao Lingzhi, Ge Kun
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
Biosaf Health. 2022 Jun;4(3):161-170. doi: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.03.008. Epub 2022 Mar 11.
Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the development of antiviral drugs has attracted increasing attention. Clinical antiviral drugs show weak solubility, low bioavailability, adverse side effects, or only limited targets. With the advancement of nanotechnology and material science, biosafety nanomaterials have been constructed for drug delivery systems of antiviral disease therapy, such as liposomes, polymers, gold nanoparticles, and graphene. These nanodrug systems can either deliver synthesized antiviral drugs siRNA/miRNA and small molecular compounds, deliver bioactive large molecular drug proteins and mRNA, or show antiviral activity by themselves. Nanodelivery systems could effectively enhance the efficiency of antiviral drugs by increasing drug loading and host cell uptake with a small size and high specific surface area. This review focused on the biosafety nanomaterials used for antiviral therapy and discussed the options for the design of antiviral drugs in the future.
由于2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行，抗病毒药物的研发受到越来越多的关注。临床抗病毒药物表现出溶解性差、生物利用度低、有副作用或作用靶点有限。随着纳米技术和材料科学的发展，已构建用于抗病毒疾病治疗药物递送系统的生物安全性纳米材料，如脂质体、聚合物、金纳米颗粒和石墨烯。这些纳米药物系统既可以递送合成的抗病毒药物siRNA/miRNA和小分子化合物，递送具有生物活性的大分子药物蛋白和mRNA，也可以自身表现出抗病毒活性。纳米递送系统可以通过增加药物负载量以及凭借小尺寸和高比表面积提高宿主细胞摄取量，从而有效提高抗病毒药物的疗效。本综述聚焦于用于抗病毒治疗的生物安全性纳米材料，并探讨了未来抗病毒药物的设计选择。
