圣保罗城市健康指数：衡量和绘制健康差异图。

São Paulo urban health index: measuring and mapping health disparities.

机构信息

University of Western Australia - Perth, Australia.

出版信息

Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2022 Mar 11;25:e220005. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720220005. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.1590/1980-549720220005

PMID:35293426

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To calculate and map the health inequalities in the city of São Paulo using the Urban Health Index (UHI) methodology.

METHODS

Seven indicators were selected from the Brazilian census: (1) proportion of households with access to sewage systems, (2) proportion of households served by regular waste collection, (3) proportion of households with two or more toilets, (4) proportion of households receiving tap water, (5) average income per household, (6) percentage of white people, and (7) literacy rate. Based on the UHI methodology, all health indicators were standardized and aggregated into a single metric at the census tract level. The UHI scores were ranked and plotted. The disparity ratio and the graph slope were calculated. The correlation between indicators was tested. Results were geocoded to produce a map of health risks.

RESULTS

The distribution of index values showed a linear middle section and deviations at each end. The disparity ratio found was 2.95, while the slope was 0.30. All indicators were significantly correlated. The map displayed a typical pattern of health inequality between the downtown and the periphery. The tracts located in the city's downtown had higher UHI values than those on the outskirts.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study presented a visual distribution of health disparities in the city of São Paulo, proving to be a valuable method for identifying areas that require public health attention.

摘要

目的

运用城市卫生指数（UHI）方法计算和绘制圣保罗市的卫生不平等情况。

方法

从巴西人口普查中选取了七个指标：（1）拥有污水系统的家庭比例，（2）有定期垃圾收集服务的家庭比例，（3）拥有两个或更多厕所的家庭比例，（4）使用自来水的家庭比例，（5）家庭平均收入，（6）白种人比例，（7）识字率。基于 UHI 方法，所有健康指标都经过标准化处理，并在普查区层面上汇总成一个单一的指标。对 UHI 得分进行排名和绘图。计算了差异比和图形斜率。检验了指标之间的相关性。结果经过地理编码，生成了一张健康风险地图。