Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Department of Graphic Arts Technology and Applied Photochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2022 Jul;414(18):5493-5505. doi: 10.1007/s00216-022-03955-2. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
The ability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to be used as drug nanocarriers has helped rapidly to invent novel strategies to treat diseases, such as cancer. The nanoparticles may offer a valuable tool to novel pH-sensitive drug delivery systems in the present scenario because of their undergoing mechanisms associated with the regulated dissolution, aggregation, and generation of oxygen radicals as well. These processes could be monitored by electrochemical (bio)sensors that are less money and time-consuming compared to other analytical approaches, however, with comparable analytical performance. In this paper, synthesized and microscopically characterized gallic acid-coated AgNPs (GA-AgNPs) are investigated using spectral and electrochemical methods. To investigate the Ag release, a 21-day ageing experiment is performed spectrophotometrically, finding that the peak maximum of GA-AgNPs spectra diminished by 24.5%. The highest Ag content was electrochemically determined in the supernatant solution after centrifugation (6.97 μmol·L), while no significant concentration of silver ions in solution after redispersion was observed (1.26 μmol·L). The interaction experiment indicates a stabilization of GA-AgNPs in the presence of long-chain dsDNA as well as a mutual electrostatic interaction with DNA sugar-phosphate backbone. This interaction mechanism is confirmed by FTIR analysis, showing a shift (1049 to 1061 cm and 913 to 964 cm) specific to DNA phosphate bands. Finally, doxorubicin-loaded GA-AgNPs are monitored for the specific drug release in the physiological and more reactive weakly acidic microenvironment. Hereby, electrochemical (bio)sensing of GA-AgNPs undergoing mechanisms shows a huge potential to be used for monitoring of drug delivery systems at cancer therapy.
银纳米粒子（AgNPs）作为药物纳米载体的能力有助于快速发明治疗疾病（如癌症）的新策略。由于其与受调控的溶解、聚集和氧自由基生成相关的作用机制，这些纳米粒子可能为新型 pH 敏感药物输送系统提供有价值的工具。与其他分析方法相比，这些过程可以通过电化学（生物）传感器进行监测，电化学（生物）传感器的成本和时间都较低，但具有可比的分析性能。在本文中，使用光谱和电化学方法研究了合成和微观表征的没食子酸包覆的 AgNPs（GA-AgNPs）。为了研究 Ag 的释放，通过分光光度法进行了为期 21 天的老化实验，发现 GA-AgNPs 光谱的峰值最大减少了 24.5%。离心后在上清液中电化学测定的最高 Ag 含量为（6.97μmol·L），而重新分散后溶液中没有观察到明显浓度的银离子（1.26μmol·L）。相互作用实验表明，GA-AgNPs 在长链 dsDNA 的存在下稳定，并且与 DNA 糖-磷酸骨架发生相互静电相互作用。通过傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）分析证实了这种相互作用机制，显示出 DNA 磷酸带的特定位移（1049 至 1061 cm 和 913 至 964 cm）。最后，监测载有阿霉素的 GA-AgNPs 在生理和更具反应性的弱酸性微环境中的特定药物释放。因此，GA-AgNPs 作用机制的电化学（生物）传感显示出在癌症治疗中用于监测药物输送系统的巨大潜力。
