Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jun;29(26):38879-38898. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19625-w. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
Freshwater and energy are critical components for the growth and progress of societies. The scarcity of freshwater and rapid population growth, especially in remote countries, has led to an urgent need to develop desalination technologies in order to raise its productivity and reduce its energy consumption rates. Membrane distillation is one of the effective methods characterized by its high productivity, but its disadvantage by higher electricity consumption. Also, solar stills are one of the sustainable and economical technologies, but the disadvantage by lower productivity. Accordingly, this manuscript dealt with a comprehensive review and detailed comparison of the most important modifications and innovations that were made to the design of the membrane distillation units, which aim to reduce electricity consumption rates, as well as the design of solar stills, which aims to maximize the productivity and efficiency. This was done by providing a detailed comparison of the most important three axes of modifications and innovations that were addressed by recent previous studies on the design of membrane distillation units and solar stills, and their statement as follows: preheating technology, use of the thermal storage materials, and nanomaterials technology. Finally, based on this review, the authors make some recommendations for future work in the field of solar and membrane desalination.
淡水和能源是社会发展和进步的关键因素。由于淡水资源短缺和人口的快速增长，特别是在偏远国家，开发脱盐技术以提高其生产力和降低能源消耗率已变得迫在眉睫。膜蒸馏是一种高效的方法，其特点是生产力高，但缺点是耗电量大。此外，太阳能蒸馏器是一种可持续且经济的技术，但缺点是生产力较低。因此，本文对膜蒸馏装置设计的最重要的改进和创新进行了全面的回顾和详细的比较，旨在降低电耗，以及太阳能蒸馏器的设计，旨在最大限度地提高生产力和效率。这是通过对膜蒸馏装置和太阳能蒸馏器设计的近期研究中所涉及的最重要的三个改进和创新轴进行详细比较来实现的，具体内容如下：预热技术、储热材料的使用和纳米材料技术。最后，基于这一综述，作者对太阳能和膜淡化领域的未来工作提出了一些建议。
