Fagher K, Baumgart J K, Solli G S, Holmberg H C, Lexell J, Sandbakk Ø
Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
The Swedish Paralympic Committee, Stockholm, Sweden.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2022 Feb 22;8(1):e001294. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001294. eCollection 2022.
During the 2022 Winter Paralympic Games in Beijing, the Para snow-sport events will be held at high altitudes and in possibly cold conditions while also requiring adjustment to several time zones. Furthermore, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may lead to suboptimal preparations. Another concern is the high rate of injuries that have been reported in the Para alpine and snowboard events. In addition to these challenges, Para athletes various impairments may affect both sports-specific demands and athlete health. However, the group of Para snow-sport athletes is an understudied population. Accordingly, this perspective paper summarises current knowledge to consider when preparing for the Paralympic Games in Beijing and point out important unanswered questions. We here focus specifically on how sport-specific demands and impairment-related considerations are influenced by altitude acclimatisation, cold conditions, travel fatigue and jetlag, complications due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and injury prevention and sports safety considerations. As Para athletes with spinal cord injury, limb deficiency, cerebral palsy and visual impairment account for the majority of the Para snow-sport athletes, the focus is mainly on these impairment groups. In brief, we highlight the extra caution required to ensure athlete health, performance and sports safety among Para athletes participating in the snow-sport events in the 2022 Beijing Paralympic Games. Although there is an urgent need for more high-quality research focusing on Para winter athletes, we hope these non-consensus recommendations will help prepare for the 2022 Beijing Paralympic Winter Games.
在北京2022年冬残奥会期间，残奥雪上项目将在高海拔地区且可能寒冷的条件下举行，同时还需要适应多个时区。此外，持续的新冠疫情可能导致准备工作不够理想。另一个担忧是，据报道残奥高山滑雪和单板滑雪项目的受伤率很高。除了这些挑战，残疾运动员的各种损伤可能会影响特定运动的要求和运动员的健康。然而，残疾雪上项目运动员群体是一个研究不足的人群。因此，这篇观点文章总结了筹备北京残奥会时需要考虑的现有知识，并指出了重要的未解决问题。我们在此特别关注特定运动要求和与损伤相关的考虑因素如何受到高原适应、寒冷条件、旅行疲劳和时差反应、新冠疫情引发的并发症以及 injury prevention and sports safety considerations的影响。由于脊髓损伤、肢体残缺、脑瘫和视力障碍的残疾雪上项目运动员占了大多数，因此重点主要放在这些损伤群体上。简而言之，我们强调在确保参加2022年北京残奥会雪上项目的残疾运动员的健康、表现和运动安全方面需要格外谨慎。尽管迫切需要更多针对残疾冬季运动员的高质量研究，但我们希望这些非共识性建议将有助于筹备2022年北京冬残奥会。 （注：原文中“injury prevention and sports safety considerations”未翻译完整，可能存在信息缺失）
