Ibrahim Amina M, Ahmed Amira Kamal, Hammam Olfat A, Abdel-Ghaffar Fathy
Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
Acta Trop. 2022 Jun;230:106405. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106405. Epub 2022 Mar 13.
Schistosomiasis is a severe illness that caused socioeconomic problems. The present study aimed to investigate the molluscicidal activities of the methanolic extract of Nerium oleander and Tecoma stans on B. alexandrina snails. The present results showed that N. oleander had the higher molluscicidal effect (LC: 138.6 mg/l) than T. stans methanolic extract (LC: 256.0 mg/l). These concentrations had no mortality effects on Daphnia magna during the first 12 h of the exposure, while, they had a cercaricidal activity. Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to the sub lethal concentrations (LC and LC) of the methanolic extract of either N. oleander or T. stans caused a concentration- dependent significant decrease in their mean total number of hemocyte and hyalinocytes percent, while, both the round small and the granulocytes were increased than the control group. Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to LC of the methanolic extract of N. oleander or T. stans, caused morphological alterations in the hemocytes that were studied by both light and electron microscopy. The sub lethal concentration (LC) significantly decreased the acetyl cholinesterase activities, acid and alkaline phosphatase levels and the protein content. Histopathological changes occurred in the digestive and the hermaphrodite glands of exposed B. alexandrina snails to LC of the methanolic extracts. These alterations were confirmed by Immunohistochemistry for PCNA and Cyclin D1 expressions. Conclusively, these plants could be used to decrease the spread of schistosomiasis as they are cheap and environmentally safe to replace the synthetic molluscicides for snail control.
血吸虫病是一种引发社会经济问题的严重疾病。本研究旨在调查夹竹桃和黄钟花甲醇提取物对埃及钉螺的杀螺活性。目前的结果表明，夹竹桃的杀螺效果（LC：138.6毫克/升）高于黄钟花甲醇提取物（LC：256.0毫克/升）。在暴露的前12小时内，这些浓度对大型溞没有致死作用，但它们具有杀尾蚴活性。将埃及钉螺暴露于夹竹桃或黄钟花甲醇提取物的亚致死浓度（LC 和 LC）下，会导致其血细胞总数和透明细胞百分比呈浓度依赖性显著下降，而圆形小细胞和粒细胞均比对照组增加。将埃及钉螺暴露于夹竹桃或黄钟花甲醇提取物的LC下，通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜研究发现血细胞出现形态学改变。亚致死浓度（LC）显著降低了乙酰胆碱酯酶活性、酸性和碱性磷酸酶水平以及蛋白质含量。暴露于甲醇提取物LC下的埃及钉螺的消化腺和雌雄同体腺出现了组织病理学变化。通过免疫组织化学检测PCNA和细胞周期蛋白D1的表达证实了这些改变。总之，这些植物因其价格低廉且对环境安全，可用于替代合成杀螺剂来控制钉螺，从而减少血吸虫病的传播。
