Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Inj Prev. 2022 Aug;28(4):358-364. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044500. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
To identify, describe and critique state and local policies related to child passenger safety in for-hire motor vehicles including ridesharing and taxis.
We used standard legal research methods to collect policies governing the use of child restraint systems (CRS) in rideshare and taxi vehicles for all 50 states and the 50 largest cities in the USA. We abstracted the collected policies to determine whether the policy applies to specific vehicles, requires specific safety restraints in those vehicles, lists specific requirements for use of those safety restraints, seeks to enhance compliance and punishes noncompliance.
All 50 states have policies that require the use of CRS for children under a certain age, weight or height. Seven states exempt rideshare vehicles and 28 states exempt taxis from their CRS requirements. Twelve cities have relevant policies with eight requiring CRS in rideshare vehicles, but not taxis, and two cities requiring CRS use in both rideshare vehicles and taxis.
Most states require CRS use in rideshare vehicles, but not as many require CRS use in taxis. Though states describe penalties for drivers who fail to comply with CRS requirements, these penalties do not actually facilitate the use of CRS in rideshare or taxis. Furthermore, there is ambiguity in the laws about who is responsible for the provision and installation of the restraints. To prevent serious or fatal injuries in children, policy-makers should adopt policies that require, incentivise and facilitate the use of CRS in rideshare vehicles and taxis.
识别、描述和评估与包车（包括网约车和出租车）中的儿童乘客安全相关的州和地方政策。
我们使用标准的法律研究方法收集了美国 50 个州和 50 个最大城市中关于网约车和出租车车辆中使用儿童约束系统（CRS）的政策。我们对收集到的政策进行了摘要，以确定政策是否适用于特定车辆、要求特定车辆使用特定的安全约束装置、列出了使用这些安全约束装置的具体要求、旨在增强合规性并惩罚违规行为。
所有 50 个州都有政策要求特定年龄、体重或身高以下的儿童使用 CRS。有 7 个州豁免网约车车辆的 CRS 要求，有 28 个州豁免出租车的 CRS 要求。有 12 个城市有相关政策，其中 8 个要求网约车车辆使用 CRS，但不要求出租车车辆使用，有 2 个城市要求网约车车辆和出租车车辆都使用 CRS。
大多数州都要求网约车车辆使用 CRS，但要求出租车车辆使用 CRS 的州较少。虽然各州都描述了对未遵守 CRS 要求的驾驶员的处罚，但这些处罚实际上并未促进网约车或出租车中 CRS 的使用。此外，法律对于谁负责提供和安装约束装置存在歧义。为了防止儿童受到严重或致命伤害，政策制定者应制定要求、激励和促进网约车和出租车中 CRS 使用的政策。
