Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 2443 Senador Filinto Muller Ave., Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 1555 Senador Filinto Muller Ave., Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 16;12(1):4487. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08372-0.
Urea is a compound widely used as a feed additive for ruminants; however, when used profusely, it can lead animals to intoxication. Another factor that affects the effectiveness of urea is the lack of synchronization between the nitrogen and the availability of carbohydrates, necessary for better development of the ruminal microbiota. In order to circumvent these problems and improve the efficiency in urea use, the present study developed two new nutritional additives (F16 and F17) with different carbohydrate sources. One of the products developed (F16) used sugarcane molasses as a carbohydrate source, while the other (F17) used cassava starch. In addition to the carbohydrate source, both products contained the same amounts of urea, sulfur, calcium carbonate and were coated with carnauba wax. The supplements developed and two other commercial products based on extruded urea (UE) and polymer-coated urea (UP) were tested for solubility and cumulative gas production. The wax used in the coating process of the developed products (F16 and F17) proved to be efficient in reducing the solubility of the ingredients used. During chemical composition analysis it was verified that both supplements developed contained protein equivalent above 150% of crude protein. The cumulative gas production showed a higher production related to the product F17 (p < 0.05). Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was found the chemical integrity of the ingredients that make up the supplements developed. Therefore, is possible to reduce the solubility of urea using carnauba wax as a coating material. The formula with cassava starch associated with urea (F17) had a better synchronization during the degradation of its ingredients.
尿素是一种广泛用作反刍动物饲料添加剂的化合物；然而，大量使用时，会导致动物中毒。影响尿素效果的另一个因素是氮与可利用碳水化合物之间缺乏同步性，这对于瘤胃微生物区系的更好发展是必要的。为了规避这些问题并提高尿素的使用效率，本研究开发了两种具有不同碳水化合物来源的新型营养添加剂（F16 和 F17）。其中一种产品（F16）使用甘蔗糖蜜作为碳水化合物来源，而另一种（F17）使用木薯淀粉。除了碳水化合物来源外，这两种产品还含有等量的尿素、硫、碳酸钙，并涂有巴西棕榈蜡。开发的补充剂和另外两种基于挤压尿素（UE）和聚合物包被尿素（UP）的商业产品进行了溶解度和累积气体产量测试。开发产品（F16 和 F17）的涂层过程中使用的蜡证明能有效降低所用成分的溶解度。在化学成分分析中，验证了两种开发的补充剂都含有超过粗蛋白 150%的蛋白当量。累积气体产量显示与产品 F17 相关的产量更高（p<0.05）。通过热重分析，发现了组成开发补充剂的成分的化学完整性。因此，使用巴西棕榈蜡作为涂层材料可以降低尿素的溶解度。与尿素结合的木薯淀粉配方（F17）在其成分降解过程中具有更好的同步性。
