Ye Yuxin, Cai Yafan, Wang Fei, He Yi, Yang Yuxuan, Guo Zhengxiang, Liu Mengyu, Ren Huimin, Wang Shilei, Liu Dong, Xu Jingliang, Wang Zhi
School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
State Key Laboratory of Biobased Transport Fuel Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Microorganisms. 2025 Mar 25;13(4):742. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13040742.
Due to the increasing global demand for feed protein, microbial protein has great potential of being able to feed sustainably. However, the application of microbial protein in the animal cultivation industry is still limited by its high cost and availability on scale. From the viewpoint of industrial production, it is vital to specify the crucial processes and components for further technical exploration and process optimization. This article presents state-of-the-art industrial microbial technologies for non-protein nitrogen (NPN) assimilation in feed protein production. Nitrogen sources are one of the main cost factors in the media used for large-scale microbial protein fermentation. Therefore, the available NPN sources for microbial protein synthesis, NPN utilization mechanisms, and fermentation technologies corresponding to the strain and NPN are reviewed in this paper. Especially, the random mutagenesis and adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) approach combined with (ultra-) throughput screening provided the main impetus for strain evolution to increase the protein yield. Despite the underlying potential and technological advances in the production of microbial protein, extensive research and development efforts are still required before large-scale commercial application of microbial protein in animal feed.
由于全球对饲料蛋白的需求不断增加，微生物蛋白具有可持续饲料供应的巨大潜力。然而，微生物蛋白在动物养殖行业中的应用仍然受到其高成本和规模化供应的限制。从工业生产的角度来看，明确关键工艺和组成部分对于进一步的技术探索和工艺优化至关重要。本文介绍了饲料蛋白生产中用于非蛋白氮（NPN）同化的先进工业微生物技术。氮源是大规模微生物蛋白发酵所用培养基中的主要成本因素之一。因此，本文综述了用于微生物蛋白合成的可用NPN来源、NPN利用机制以及与菌株和NPN对应的发酵技术。特别是，随机诱变和适应性实验室进化（ALE）方法与（超）高通量筛选相结合，为菌株进化以提高蛋白产量提供了主要动力。尽管微生物蛋白生产具有潜在优势和技术进步，但在微生物蛋白大规模商业应用于动物饲料之前，仍需要大量的研发工作。
