Bertocchi Natasha Ávila, Oliveira Thays Duarte de, Deprá Maríndia, Goñi Beatriz, Valente Vera Lúcia S
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Genet Mol Biol. 2022 Mar 16;45(2):e20210287. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2021-0287. eCollection 2022.
Transposable elements are abundant and dynamic part of the genome, influencing organisms in different ways through their presence or mobilization, or by acting directly on pre- and post-transcriptional regulatory regions. We compared and evaluated the presence, structure, and copy number of three hAT superfamily transposons (hobo, BuT2, and mar) in five strains of Drosophila willistoni species. These D. willistoni strains are of different geographical origins, sampled across the north-south occurrence of this species. We used sequenced clones of the hAT elements in fluorescence in-situ hybridizations in the polytene chromosomes of three strains of D. willistoni. We also analyzed the structural characteristics and number of copies of these hAT elements in the 10 currently available sequenced genomes of the willistoni group. We found that hobo, BuT2, and mar were widely distributed in D. willistoni polytene chromosomes and sequenced genomes of the willistoni group, except for mar, which is restricted to the subgroup willistoni. Furthermore, the elements hobo, BuT2, and mar have different evolutionary histories. The transposon differences among D. willistoni strains, such as variation in the number, structure, and chromosomal distribution of hAT transposons, could reflect the genomic and chromosomal plasticity of D. willistoni species in adapting to highly variable environments.
转座元件是基因组中丰富且动态的部分，通过其存在、移动，或直接作用于转录前和转录后调控区域，以不同方式影响生物体。我们比较并评估了威氏果蝇（Drosophila willistoni）五个品系中三种hAT超家族转座子（hobo、BuT2和mar）的存在情况、结构和拷贝数。这些威氏果蝇品系来自不同地理区域，是在该物种南北分布范围内采集的。我们在三种威氏果蝇品系的多线染色体荧光原位杂交中使用了hAT元件的测序克隆。我们还分析了威氏果蝇组目前可获得的10个测序基因组中这些hAT元件的结构特征和拷贝数。我们发现，hobo、BuT2和mar广泛分布于威氏果蝇的多线染色体和威氏果蝇组的测序基因组中，除了mar仅限于威氏果蝇亚组。此外，hobo、BuT2和mar元件具有不同的进化历史。威氏果蝇品系间转座子的差异，如hAT转座子在数量、结构和染色体分布上的变化，可能反映了威氏果蝇物种在适应高度可变环境时的基因组和染色体可塑性。
