Laboratory of Microbiology and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biology, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Av. Universitarios, University City, Culiacan Rosales, Sinaloa, Mexico.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2022 Feb 28;16(2):320-332. doi: 10.3855/jidc.15252.
Dynamic movement in the hospital environment promotes the transmission of nosocomial pathogens and multidrug resistance mechanisms through the dissemination of organisms that carry genetic determinants. Healthcare workers play an important role in the spread of pathogens; however, the role of visitors in this environment is poorly understood.
This study aimed to molecularly identify and examine the antibiotic resistance of the palmar microbiota of patients' companions in a hospital waiting room.
Twenty-five palmar surface and interdigital space sample swabs were randomly collected and cultured on blood agar plates, and 19 colonies with different macro- and microscopic characteristics were isolated. The V4 and V6 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene from each isolate were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Maximum likelihood- and Bayesian inference-based phylogenetic analyses were performed to determine taxonomic relationships. Antibiotic resistance was evaluated by disk diffusion and broth microdilution.
Among the isolates, 52.6% were related to Bacillus, 36.8% to Staphylococcus, 5.3% to Enterococcus and 5.3% to Atlantibacter. All of the isolates exhibited ampicillin and penicillin resistance, while 94.7% also exhibited dicloxacillin resistance. Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to penicillins but sensitive to the remaining drugs. Bacteria identified as Bacillus subtilis (MLM14B99), Bacillus pumilus (MLM23B07 and MLM25B06), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MLM24S31 and MLM29S04), and Enterococcus (MLM22E08) showed resistance to at least 46.7% of the antibiotics.
To decrease the transmission of pathogenic bacteria with an antibiotic resistance profile, re-evaluation of hand cleaning measures and their application by people who visit hospital centres is needed.
医院环境中的动态运动通过携带遗传决定因素的生物体的传播促进了医院病原体和多药耐药机制的传播。医护人员在病原体的传播中起着重要作用；然而，访客在这种环境中的作用知之甚少。
本研究旨在从分子水平上鉴定和检测医院候诊室患者同伴手掌微生物群的抗生素耐药性。
随机采集 25 个手掌表面和指间空间样本拭子，接种于血琼脂平板上进行培养，并从具有不同宏观和微观特征的 19 个菌落中分离出来。对每个分离株的 16S rRNA 基因的 V4 和 V6 高变区进行 PCR 扩增和测序。采用最大似然法和贝叶斯推断法进行系统发育分析，以确定分类学关系。采用纸片扩散法和肉汤微量稀释法评估抗生素耐药性。
在所分离的菌株中，52.6%与芽孢杆菌有关，36.8%与葡萄球菌有关，5.3%与肠球菌有关，5.3%与 Atlantibacter 有关。所有分离株均表现出对氨苄西林和青霉素的耐药性，而 94.7%的分离株还表现出对双氯西林的耐药性。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素耐药，但对其余药物敏感。鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌（MLM14B99）、短小芽孢杆菌（MLM23B07 和 MLM25B06）、表皮葡萄球菌（MLM24S31 和 MLM29S04）和肠球菌（MLM22E08）的细菌至少对 46.7%的抗生素表现出耐药性。
为了减少具有抗生素耐药谱的病原菌的传播，需要重新评估并加强医院中心访客的手部清洁措施及其应用。
