Nastase Alexandra, Rajan Alok, French Ben, Bhattacharya Debarshi
Oxford Policy Management, Oxford, UK.
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India.
Gates Open Res. 2021 Nov 19;4:177. doi: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13205.2. eCollection 2020.
Technical assistance is provided to country governments as part of international development programmes to support policymaking or strengthen state capability. This article presents the conceptual evolution of 'technical assistance' linked to capacity development, starting with programmes aiming exclusively to enhance individual capacity in the 1950s to 1970s and progressing to complex systems approaches in the past ten years. It also presents some of the frequent challenges in designing and implementing technical assistance, drawing from the existing literature and the authors' experience in international development. The article summarises the latest thinking about delivering more effective development, including the adaptive management practices and the initiatives to strengthen evidence about what works. Finally, we complement this article with a follow-up open letter reflecting on the current policy options and opportunities for change.
作为国际发展项目的一部分，技术援助会提供给各国政府，以支持政策制定或增强国家能力。本文介绍了与能力发展相关的“技术援助”的概念演变，从20世纪50年代至70年代专门旨在提高个人能力的项目开始，到过去十年发展为复杂的系统方法。本文还借鉴现有文献以及作者在国际发展方面的经验，介绍了技术援助设计与实施过程中一些常见的挑战。本文总结了关于实现更有效发展的最新思路，包括适应性管理实践以及加强对有效做法的论证的举措。最后，我们以一封后续公开信作为补充，该公开信对当前的政策选择和变革机遇进行了反思。
