Almquist Nicki Winfield, Eriksen Hanne Berg, Wilhelmsen Malene, Hamarsland Håvard, Ing Steven, Ellefsen Stian, Sandbakk Øyvind, Rønnestad Bent R, Skovereng Knut
Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.
Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Front Physiol. 2022 Mar 1;13:837634. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.837634. eCollection 2022.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 12 weeks load-matched block periodization (BP, = 14), using weekly concentration of high- (HIT), moderate- (MIT), and low- (LIT) intensity training, with traditional periodization (TP, = 16) using a weekly, cyclic progressive increase in training load of HIT-, MIT-, and LIT-sessions in trained cyclists (peak oxygen uptake: 58 ± 8 ml·kg·min). Red blood cell volume increased 10 ± 16% ( = 0.029) more in BP compared to TP, while capillaries around type I fibers increased 20 ± 12% ( = 0.002) more in TP compared to BP from Pre to Post12. No other group differences were found in time-trial (TT) performances or muscular-, or hematological adaptations. However, both groups improved 5 and 40-min TT power by 9 ± 9% ( < 0.001) and 8 ± 9% ( < 0.001), maximal aerobic power (W) and power output (PO) at 4 mmol·L blood lactate (W), by 6 ± 7 ( = 0.001) and 10 ± 12% ( = 0.001), and gross efficiency (GE) in a semi-fatigued state by 0.5 ± 1.1%-points ( = 0.026). In contrast, GE in fresh state and VO were unaltered in both groups. The muscle protein content of β-hydroxyacyl (HAD) increased by 55 ± 58% in TP only, while both TP and BP increased the content of cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COXIV) by 72 ± 34%. Muscle enzyme activities of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) were unaltered. TP increased capillary-to-fiber ratio and capillary around fiber (CAF) type I by 36 ± 15% ( < 0.001) and 17 ± 8% ( = 0.025), respectively, while BP increased capillary density (CD) by 28 ± 24% ( = 0.048) from Pre to Post12. The present study shows no difference in performance between BP and "best practice"-TP of endurance training intensities using a cyclic, progressively increasing training load in trained cyclists. However, hematological and muscle capillary adaptations may differ.
本研究的目的是比较12周负荷匹配的阶段化训练（BP，n = 14）与传统阶段化训练（TP，n = 16）对训练有素的自行车运动员（峰值摄氧量：58±8 ml·kg·min）的影响。BP组采用每周高（HIT）、中（MIT）、低（LIT）强度训练的浓度，TP组采用每周HIT、MIT、LIT训练课的训练负荷循环渐进增加的方式。与TP组相比，BP组红细胞体积增加了10±16%（P = 0.029），而从训练前到第12周后，TP组I型纤维周围的毛细血管比BP组增加了20±12%（P = 0.002）。在计时赛（TT）成绩、肌肉或血液学适应方面未发现其他组间差异。然而，两组的5分钟和40分钟TT功率分别提高了9±9%（P < 0.001）和8±9%（P < 0.001），4 mmol·L血乳酸时的最大有氧功率（W）和功率输出（PO）分别提高了6±7（P = 0.001）和10±12%（P = 0.001），半疲劳状态下的总效率（GE）提高了0.5±1.1个百分点（P = 0.026）。相比之下，两组在新鲜状态下的GE和VO均未改变。仅TP组的β-羟酰基辅酶A脱氢酶（HAD）肌肉蛋白含量增加了55±58%，而TP组和BP组的细胞色素c氧化酶亚基IV（COXIV）含量均增加了72±34%。柠檬酸合酶（CS）和磷酸果糖激酶（PFK）的肌肉酶活性未改变。TP组的毛细血管与纤维比率和I型纤维周围的毛细血管（CAF）分别增加了36±15%（P < 0.001）和17±8%（P = 0.025），而BP组从训练前到第12周后毛细血管密度（CD）增加了28±24%（P = 0.048）。本研究表明，在训练有素的自行车运动员中，使用循环渐进增加训练负荷的耐力训练强度，BP组和“最佳实践”TP组在表现上没有差异。然而，血液学和肌肉毛细血管适应可能有所不同。
