Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) School of Medicine, Orange, CA, United States.
School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Mar 1;12:762130. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.762130. eCollection 2021.
Calcium is a key ion involved in cardiac and skeletal muscle contractility, nerve function, and skeletal structure. Global calcium balance is affected by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, and calcium is shuttled between the extracellular space and the bone matrix compartment dynamically. The kidney plays an important role in whole-body calcium balance. Abnormalities in the kidney transport proteins alter the renal excretion of calcium. Various hormonal and regulatory pathways have evolved that regulate the renal handling of calcium to maintain the serum calcium within defined limits despite dynamic changes in dietary calcium intake. Dysregulation of renal calcium transport can occur pharmacologically, hormonally, and genetic mutations in key proteins in various nephron segments resulting in several disease processes. This review focuses on the regulation transport of calcium in the nephron. Genetic diseases affecting the renal handling of calcium that can potentially lead to changes in the serum calcium concentration are reviewed.
钙是参与心肌和骨骼肌收缩、神经功能和骨骼结构的关键离子。甲状旁腺激素和维生素 D 会影响全身钙平衡，钙在细胞外空间和骨基质隔室之间动态穿梭。肾脏在全身钙平衡中起着重要作用。肾脏转运蛋白的异常改变了钙的肾排泄。已经进化出各种激素和调节途径，以调节肾脏对钙的处理，从而在饮食钙摄入动态变化的情况下将血清钙维持在特定范围内。肾脏钙转运的失调可能会发生在药理学上、激素上以及各种肾单位段中关键蛋白的基因突变，导致多种疾病过程。这篇综述重点介绍了肾单位中钙的转运调节。还综述了影响肾脏处理钙的遗传疾病，这些疾病可能导致血清钙浓度发生变化。
