Sports Medicine Department, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2022 Mar 18;17(3):e0265198. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265198. eCollection 2022.
The purpose of this study is to cross-culturally adapt the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index from English to Malay, and to evaluate the measurement properties of the Malay version among Malay speakers with shoulder pain.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Malay version of Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (M-SPADI) was conducted according to international guidelines. 260 participants (Shoulder pain = 130, No shoulder pain = 130) completed the M-SPADI, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and measurement of shoulder active range of motion (AROM). 54 participants repeated M-SPADI within a mean of 9.2 days.
Cross-cultural adaptation of M-SPADI had no major issues. The M-SPADI had good face validity; item and scale content validity indexes (I-CVI, S-CVI) were >0.79 except for Disability Item 3 (I-CVI = 0.75), and exploratory factor analysis showed that M-SPADI had a bidimensional structure. There was a strong positive correlation between M-SPADI and NRS (rPain = 0.845, rDisability = 0.722, rTotal = 0.795, p <0.001) and a negative correlation between M-SPADI and shoulder AROM with the following correlation ranges (rPain = -0.316 to -0.637, rDisability = -0.419 to -0.708, rTotal = -0404 to -0.697, p<0.001). M-SPADI's total score was higher in participants with shoulder pain (Mdn: 33.8, IQR = 37.3) compared to no shoulder pain (Mdn:0, IQR = 0.8) and the difference was statistically significant (U = 238.5, z = -13.89, p<0.001). M-SPADI had no floor or ceiling effects (floor/ceiling <15%), high internal consistency (Cronbach's αPain = 0.914, Cronbach's αDisability = 0.945) and good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICCPain = 0.922, ICCDisability = 0.859, ICCTotal = 0.895).
M-SPADI has a bi-dimensional structure with no floor or ceiling effects, established face, content and construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. M-SPADI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing Malay-speaking individuals with shoulder pain in clinical and research settings.
本研究旨在将《肩痛和残疾指数》从英文翻译成马来文，并评估其在马来语肩痛患者中的测量性能。
根据国际指南，对马来文版《肩痛和残疾指数》（M-SPADI）进行跨文化适应性调整。260 名参与者（肩痛=130 名，无肩痛=130 名）完成了 M-SPADI、数字评分量表（NRS）和肩部主动活动范围（AROM）测量。54 名参与者在平均 9.2 天内重复了 M-SPADI。
M-SPADI 的跨文化适应性调整没有出现重大问题。M-SPADI 具有良好的表面效度；项目和量表内容效度指数（I-CVI、S-CVI）均>0.79，除了残疾项目 3（I-CVI=0.75）外，探索性因子分析表明 M-SPADI 具有二维结构。M-SPADI 与 NRS 之间存在强烈的正相关（rPain=0.845，rDisability=0.722，rTotal=0.795，p<0.001），与肩部 AROM 呈负相关，相关范围如下（rPain=-0.316 至-0.637，rDisability=-0.419 至-0.708，rTotal=-0404 至-0.697，p<0.001）。与无肩痛者相比（Mdn：0，IQR=0.8），有肩痛者的 M-SPADI 总分更高（Mdn：33.8，IQR=37.3），差异具有统计学意义（U=238.5，z=-13.89，p<0.001）。M-SPADI 无地板或天花板效应（地板/天花板<15%），内部一致性高（Cronbach's αPain=0.914，Cronbach's αDisability=0.945），重测信度好（ICC-Pain=0.922，ICC-Disability=0.859，ICC-Total=0.895）。
M-SPADI 具有二维结构，无地板或天花板效应，具有良好的表面、内容和结构效度、内部一致性和重测信度。M-SPADI 是一种可靠且有效的工具，可用于评估临床和研究环境中讲马来语的肩痛患者。
