运动锻炼对 ADHD 儿童注意力缺陷和其他主要症状的影响：一项荟萃分析。
Effects of physical exercise on attention deficit and other major symptoms in children with ADHD: A meta-analysis.
机构信息
Department of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Department of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
出版信息
Psychiatry Res. 2022 May;311:114509. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114509. Epub 2022 Mar 14.
PURPOSE
To explore the effects of physical exercise intervention on the cardinal symptoms, motor skills and executive function among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
METHODS
Literature searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were performed in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang databases from the time of database construction to March 28, 2021. Screening was conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tools were used to evaluate methodological quality. Relevant data were analyzed with RevMan5.3.5 software, and Stata16.0 was used for publication bias tests.
RESULTS
A total of 15 RCTs with 734 subjects were included. The meta-analysis showed that physical exercise can improve the attention of ADHD children (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-1.10, -0.11], p < 0.01), executive function (SMD = 1.22, 95% CI [0.61, 1.82], p < 0.01), and motor skills (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI [0.22, 1.12], p < 0.01). There were no significant effects on hyperactivity (SMD = 0.06, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.37], p = 0.72), depression (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI [-1.55, 0.11], p = 0.09), social problems (SMD = -0.27, 95% CI [-0.64, 0.09], p = 0.14), or aggressive behavior (SMD=-0.24, 95% CI [-0.69, -0.21], p = 0.30). Intervention duration and frequency might be the source of heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
Physical exercise can help alleviate the symptoms of ADHD in children. Specifically, it can improve attention, executive function, and motor skills.
目的
探讨身体锻炼干预对注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童主要症状、运动技能和执行功能的影响。
方法
计算机检索 PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、维普及万方数据库，搜集关于身体锻炼干预治疗 ADHD 儿童的随机对照试验（RCT），检索时限均为建库至 2021 年 3 月 28 日。根据纳入与排除标准筛选文献，采用 Cochrane 偏倚风险评估工具评价纳入研究的方法学质量，采用 RevMan5.3.5 软件进行 Meta 分析，Stata16.0 软件进行发表偏倚检验。
结果
共纳入 15 项 RCT，包含 734 例患儿。Meta 分析结果显示，身体锻炼干预可改善 ADHD 患儿的注意力[标准化均数差（SMD）＝-0.60，95%CI（-1.10，-0.11），P＜0.01]、执行功能（SMD＝1.22，95%CI（0.61，1.82），P＜0.01）和运动技能（SMD＝0.67，95%CI（0.22，1.12），P＜0.01），对多动症状（SMD＝0.06，95%CI（-0.26，0.37），P＝0.72）、抑郁症状（SMD＝-0.72，95%CI（-1.55，0.11），P＝0.09）、社会问题（SMD＝-0.27，95%CI（-0.64，0.09），P＝0.14）和攻击行为（SMD＝-0.24，95%CI（-0.69，-0.21），P＝0.30）的影响差异均无统计学意义。干预持续时间和频率可能是异质性的来源。
结论
身体锻炼有助于改善 ADHD 患儿的症状，特别是注意力、执行功能和运动技能。
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