Non-pharmacological Approaches to Managing Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Pediatric Populations: A Scoping Review.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurocognitive disorder diagnosed in children, with an estimation of six million children aged 3-17 diagnosed with ADHD. Stimulants are the first-line treatment for children with ADHD but may cause adverse effects. This study aims to shed light on non-pharmacological approaches to treating children with ADHD, specifically exercise and dietary modifications. This literature-based review evaluated current research on PubMed focusing on the impact of exercise and dietary modifications as forms of treatment for ADHD. Though studies differ on what symptoms are most improved, exercise was found to be cost-effective and beneficial in ADHD symptom management. Of note, hyperactivity and aggressive behavior improved in children with ADHD after a yoga regimen was implemented in one study. In addition to exercise, the literature review found that a healthy diet consisting of vegetables, fish, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is the recommended choice for aiding in ADHD symptom management. Omega-3, zinc, and iron supplementations are not recommended due to no documented consistent effect on reducing symptoms.