Shah Nisarg, Nadella Harshita, Williams Shane
Cardiology, Rheumatology, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, USA.
Rheumatology, Immunology, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, USA.
Cureus. 2025 Jul 13;17(7):e87810. doi: 10.7759/cureus.87810. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurocognitive disorder diagnosed in children, with an estimation of six million children aged 3-17 diagnosed with ADHD. Stimulants are the first-line treatment for children with ADHD but may cause adverse effects. This study aims to shed light on non-pharmacological approaches to treating children with ADHD, specifically exercise and dietary modifications. This literature-based review evaluated current research on PubMed focusing on the impact of exercise and dietary modifications as forms of treatment for ADHD. Though studies differ on what symptoms are most improved, exercise was found to be cost-effective and beneficial in ADHD symptom management. Of note, hyperactivity and aggressive behavior improved in children with ADHD after a yoga regimen was implemented in one study. In addition to exercise, the literature review found that a healthy diet consisting of vegetables, fish, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is the recommended choice for aiding in ADHD symptom management. Omega-3, zinc, and iron supplementations are not recommended due to no documented consistent effect on reducing symptoms.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童中最常见的神经认知障碍，据估计，有600万3至17岁的儿童被诊断患有ADHD。兴奋剂是治疗ADHD儿童的一线药物，但可能会引起不良反应。本研究旨在阐明治疗ADHD儿童的非药物方法，特别是运动和饮食调整。这项基于文献的综述评估了PubMed上关于运动和饮食调整作为ADHD治疗形式的影响的当前研究。尽管不同研究对哪些症状改善最为明显存在差异，但研究发现运动在ADHD症状管理方面具有成本效益且有益。值得注意的是，在一项研究中，实施瑜伽疗法后，ADHD儿童的多动和攻击行为有所改善。除运动外，文献综述还发现，由蔬菜、鱼类和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）组成的健康饮食是有助于ADHD症状管理的推荐选择。不建议补充omega-3、锌和铁，因为没有文献记载它们对减轻症状有持续一致的效果。
