Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Italy.
Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Pediatric Clinic, Italy.
Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2022;28(1):1-3. doi: 10.5114/pedm.2022.113814.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disease mainly of the female sex (90-95% of cases). Almost exclusive, in the past, of the middle-upper classes, in more recent years it has spread to all social strata. The origin and course of eating disorders (ED) are determined, due to the multifactorial etiology, by a plurality of variables, none of which, alone, is capable of triggering the disease or influencing its course and outcome. Therefore, to understand them in full, it is necessary to take due consideration of biological, psychological and evolutionary factors. The role of some conditions present since birth or childhood, such as genetic vulnerability, family environment and traumatic experiences is not yet well understood in AN pathogenesis. In many cases, some individual characteristics such as perfectionism, low self-esteem, poor ability to regulate emotions, difficulty in conscious management of the body and body image in adolescence precede the onset of ED. Certainly, socio-cultural factors also favor the development of these disorders, in particular the association of thinness with beauty and personal success.
神经性厌食症（AN）主要发生于女性（90-95%的病例）。过去，这种疾病几乎只存在于中上层阶级，而近年来已蔓延至所有社会阶层。由于病因的多因素性，饮食失调（ED）的起源和病程由多种变量决定，没有一种变量能够单独引发疾病或影响其病程和结果。因此，要全面了解这些因素，有必要适当考虑生物、心理和进化因素。一些自出生或儿童时期就存在的情况，如遗传易感性、家庭环境和创伤经历，在 AN 的发病机制中的作用尚不清楚。在许多情况下，一些个体特征，如完美主义、低自尊、情绪调节能力差、难以在青春期有意识地管理身体和身体形象，先于 ED 的发生。当然，社会文化因素也有利于这些疾病的发展，特别是将消瘦与美丽和个人成功联系起来。
