Francis Lori A, Rollins Brandi Y, Keller Kathleen L, Nix Robert L, Savage Jennifer S
Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Department of Nutrition Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 4;9:796580. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.796580. eCollection 2022.
Appetitive traits that contribute to appetite self-regulation have been shown to relate to non-food-related regulation in general domains of child development. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify typologies of preschool children's behavioral self-regulation (BSR) and appetitive traits related to appetite self-regulation (ASR), and we examined their relation with children's BMIz and food parenting practices. Participants included 720 children and their parents (90% mothers), drawn from the baseline assessment of a childhood obesity preventive intervention. BSR measures included teacher reports of children's inhibitory control, impulsivity and attentional focusing, as well as an observed measure of inhibitory control. ASR was assessed using parents' reports of children's appetitive traits related to food avoidance (, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating) and food approach (, enjoyment of food, food responsiveness). Children's body mass index z-score (BMIz) was calculated from measured height and weight. Parents' BMI and food parenting practices were also measured. Four profiles were identified that characterized children with dysregulated behavior, higher food approach and lower food avoidance (16%), dysregulated behavior but lower food approach and higher food avoidance (33%), regulated behavior but highest food approach and lowest food avoidance (16%), and highly-regulated behavior, lowest food approach and highest food avoidance (35%). Children's BMIz was highest in the profile consisting of children with dysregulated behavior, higher food approach and lower food avoidance. BMI was similar in the profile with children with regulated behavior but highest food approach and lowest food avoidance; children in this profile also had parents who reported the highest levels of controlling food parenting practices, and the lowest levels of parental modeling of healthy eating. Compared to all other profiles, children in the profile characterized by highly-regulated behavior, lowest food approach and highest food avoidance had the lowest BMIz and had parents who reported food parenting practices characterized by the highest levels of child control in feeding and the lowest levels of pressure to eat. These findings provide evidence of differing patterns of relations between self-regulation across behavioral and eating domains, and children's obesity risk may vary based on these different patterns.
已表明有助于食欲自我调节的食欲特质与儿童发育一般领域中的非食物相关调节有关。潜在剖面分析（LPA）用于识别学龄前儿童行为自我调节（BSR）和与食欲自我调节（ASR）相关的食欲特质的类型，并且我们研究了它们与儿童BMIz及食物养育方式的关系。参与者包括720名儿童及其父母（90%为母亲），他们来自一项儿童肥胖预防干预的基线评估。BSR测量包括教师对儿童抑制控制、冲动性和注意力集中的报告，以及一项观察到的抑制控制测量。ASR通过父母对儿童与食物回避（如饱腹感反应、进食缓慢）和食物趋近（如对食物的喜爱、食物反应性）相关的食欲特质的报告来评估。儿童的体重指数z评分（BMIz）根据测量的身高和体重计算得出。还测量了父母的BMI和食物养育方式。识别出了四种类型，分别为行为失调、食物趋近较高且食物回避较低的儿童（16%），行为失调但食物趋近较低且食物回避较高的儿童（33%），行为调节良好但食物趋近最高且食物回避最低的儿童（16%），以及行为高度调节、食物趋近最低且食物回避最高的儿童（35%）。在行为失调、食物趋近较高且食物回避较低的儿童组成的类型中，儿童的BMIz最高。在行为调节良好但食物趋近最高且食物回避最低的类型中，BMI相似；该类型中的儿童其父母报告的控制食物养育方式水平最高，而健康饮食的父母榜样作用水平最低。与所有其他类型相比，行为高度调节、食物趋近最低且食物回避最高的类型中的儿童BMIz最低，其父母报告的食物养育方式特点是在喂食时对儿童的控制水平最高，而进食压力水平最低。这些发现为行为和饮食领域的自我调节之间不同的关系模式提供了证据，并且儿童肥胖风险可能因这些不同模式而有所不同。
