Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA.
Pediatr Obes. 2021 Aug;16(8):e12774. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12774. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
The goal was to conduct exploratory analysis to determine if executive functions (EFs) and food responsiveness/satiety responsiveness (appetitive behaviours that describe one's tendency to eat in the presence of food or food cues) interact to influence weight status among preschool children participating in a trial promoting self-regulation around energy-dense foods.
At baseline, parents completed the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool and the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Children completed anthropometric measurements at the preschool. Spearman's correlation, linear regression, and tests of interaction were conducted. The relationship between weight status and EFs among those who were high vs low in food responsiveness and satiety responsiveness was examined.
Children (n = 92) had a mean age of 5.1 years and body mass index (BMI) percentile of 57.6; half (54%) were male. There were significant correlations between food responsiveness and several EFs (emotional control, inhibitory control, working memory, and plan/organize). In the stratified analysis, children with high food responsiveness or low satiety responsiveness had higher BMI percentiles as emotional control skills worsened. BMI percentiles were not elevated among children with low food responsiveness and poor emotional control.
These results suggest that EFs may be more relevant to weight status if preschool children had high levels of food responsiveness or low levels of satiety responsiveness (ie, increased tendency to be influenced by environmental food cues). This analysis should be replicated with direct measures of executive function and appetitive behaviours in larger samples of young children to examine longitudinal impact on weight status.
本研究旨在进行探索性分析，以确定执行功能（EFs）和食物反应性/饱腹感反应性（描述一个人在食物或食物线索存在时进食倾向的食欲行为）是否相互作用，从而影响参与促进自我调节能量密集型食物的学龄前儿童的体重状况。
在基线时，父母完成了行为评定量表的执行功能-学龄前版和儿童饮食行为问卷。儿童在幼儿园进行了人体测量学测量。进行了 Spearman 相关分析、线性回归和交互作用检验。检验了在高食物反应性和低饱腹感反应性与低食物反应性和低饱腹感反应性的儿童中，体重状况与 EFs 之间的关系。
共有 92 名儿童（平均年龄为 5.1 岁，体重指数（BMI）百分位数为 57.6；一半（54%）为男性）。食物反应性与几种 EFs（情绪控制、抑制控制、工作记忆和计划/组织）之间存在显著相关性。在分层分析中，随着情绪控制技能的恶化，高食物反应性或低饱腹感反应性的儿童 BMI 百分位数较高。在低食物反应性和情绪控制差的儿童中，BMI 百分位数没有升高。
这些结果表明，如果学龄前儿童具有较高的食物反应性或较低的饱腹感反应性（即，增加了受环境食物线索影响的倾向），EFs 可能与体重状况更为相关。在更大的幼儿样本中，应使用直接测量的执行功能和食欲行为进行复制分析，以检验对体重状况的纵向影响。
