Dąbrowska Katarzyna, Wieczorek Łukasz
Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
Nordisk Alkohol Nark. 2020 Jun;37(3):279-297. doi: 10.1177/1455072520902342. Epub 2020 Mar 1.
This study concerns perceived social stigmatisation of gambling disorder and its determinants, the self-perceptions of people with gambling disorder (self-stigma) and how they cope with stigma.
In total, 30 interviews with persons with gambling disorder and 60 with professionals were conducted. Selective sampling procedures were employed in the recruitment phase. In the case of professionals, the inclusion criteria were employment in facilities where treatment of gambling disorder is offered, and profession. For people with gambling disorder, the criterion was a diagnosis confirmed by a psychiatrist.
Elements revealed in past research on stigma-creation processes were reflected in respondents' statements. The type of gambling, the occurrence of negative consequences, the possibility of hiding, personal responsibility, social status and contact with stigmatised populations are perceived determinants of problem gamblers' stigmatisation. Gambling disorder sufferers experience anxiety associated with the possibility of rejection and a fear related to their condition being revealed to others. Various manifestations of cognitive distancing and hiding were coping mechanisms identified in the study.
People with gambling disorder experience anxiety associated with the possibility of rejection, and they often conceal their disorder, which may hinder their treatment. Therefore the issue of stigma should be addressed in therapy.
本研究关注赌博障碍的社会污名化认知及其决定因素、赌博障碍患者的自我认知（自我污名）以及他们应对污名的方式。
总共对30名赌博障碍患者和60名专业人员进行了访谈。在招募阶段采用了选择性抽样程序。对于专业人员，纳入标准是在提供赌博障碍治疗的机构工作以及职业。对于赌博障碍患者，标准是由精神科医生确诊。
过去关于污名形成过程的研究中揭示的要素反映在受访者的陈述中。赌博类型、负面后果的发生、隐藏的可能性、个人责任、社会地位以及与受污名化人群的接触被视为问题赌徒污名化的决定因素。赌博障碍患者会经历与被拒绝可能性相关的焦虑以及与病情被他人知晓相关的恐惧。研究中确定的应对机制包括认知疏远和隐藏的各种表现形式。
赌博障碍患者会经历与被拒绝可能性相关的焦虑，并且他们经常隐瞒自己的病情，这可能会阻碍他们的治疗。因此，污名问题应在治疗中得到解决。
