Coughlin Lara N, Bonar Erin E, Walton Maureen A, Fernandez Anne C, Duguid Isabelle, Nahum-Shani Inbal
Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Front Digit Health. 2022 Feb 28;4:803301. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.803301. eCollection 2022.
Motivational incentive interventions are highly effective for smoking cessation. Yet, these interventions are not widely available to people who want to quit smoking, in part, due to barriers such as administrative burden, concern about the use of extrinsic reinforcement (i.e., incentives) to improve cessation outcomes, suboptimal intervention engagement, individual burden, and up-front costs.
Technological advancements can mitigate some of these barriers. For example, mobile abstinence monitoring and digital, automated incentive delivery have the potential to lower the clinic burden associated with monitoring abstinence and administering incentives while also reducing the frequency of clinic visits. However, to fully realize the potential of digital technologies to deliver motivational incentives it is critical to develop strategies to mitigate longstanding concerns that reliance on extrinsic monetary reinforcement may hamper internal motivation for cessation, improve individual engagement with the intervention, and address scalability limitations due to the up-front cost of monetary incentives. Herein, we describe the state of digitally-delivered motivational incentives. We then build on existing principles for creating just-in-time adaptive interventions to highlight new directions in leveraging digital technology to improve the effectiveness and scalability of motivational incentive interventions.
Technological advancement in abstinence monitoring coupled with digital delivery of reinforcers has made the use of motivational incentives for smoking cessation increasingly feasible. We propose future directions for a new era of motivational incentive interventions that leverage technology to integrate monetary and non-monetary incentives in a way that addresses the changing needs of individuals as they unfold in real-time.
动机激励干预措施对戒烟非常有效。然而，这些干预措施并未广泛提供给想要戒烟的人，部分原因是存在行政负担、对使用外部强化（即激励措施）来改善戒烟结果的担忧、干预参与度欠佳、个人负担以及前期成本等障碍。
技术进步可以减轻其中一些障碍。例如，移动戒烟监测和数字化、自动化激励措施发放有潜力降低与监测戒烟和发放激励措施相关的诊所负担，同时还能减少就诊频率。然而，要充分实现数字技术提供动机激励的潜力，制定策略以减轻人们长期以来的担忧至关重要，即依赖外部金钱强化可能会阻碍戒烟的内在动机，提高个人对干预措施的参与度，并解决由于金钱激励的前期成本导致的可扩展性限制问题。在此，我们描述数字化提供的动机激励的现状。然后，我们基于创建即时自适应干预措施的现有原则，以突出利用数字技术改善动机激励干预措施的有效性和可扩展性的新方向。
戒烟监测方面的技术进步与强化物的数字化发放相结合，使得利用动机激励进行戒烟越来越可行。我们为动机激励干预措施的新时代提出未来方向，即利用技术以一种满足个体实时变化需求的方式整合金钱和非金钱激励措施。
