Wang Cenyi, Yang Ganfeng, Yang Haoping, Chen Changde, Zhang Henrui, Wang Kailong, Lu Aming
School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
Appl Bionics Biomech. 2022 Mar 8;2022:6774980. doi: 10.1155/2022/6774980. eCollection 2022.
Tai chi is recognized worldwide for its rehabilitation abilities and healthcare benefits. However, in recent years, some movements associated with tai chi have been shown to damage the lower limb joints. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of different movements, postures, center of mass (COM) movements, and range of knee movement of tai chi exercises on knee joint load.
Fourteen professional tai chi practitioners in two postures (high and low) were enrolled to perform the following four typical tai chi movements: wild horse's mane (WHM), repulse monkey (RM), wave-hand in cloud (WHIC), and grasp the bird's tail (GBT). Kinematic and kinetics data were synchronously collected using the Vicon infrared high-speed motion capture system and a three-dimensional (3D) force measurement platform. Variance analysis and partial correlation analysis were performed to investigate factors influencing peak knee joint moment and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF).
The results showed that the peak knee extension and abduction moment were larger in WHM and RM than those in WHIC and GBT ( < 0.05). WHM was associated with greater rotation moment than the other typical movements ( < 0.05). VGRF and joint moment among different poses were significantly different. Low-pose tai chi typical movements were associated with greater VGRF, knee joint extension and abduction, and rotation moments than high-pose movements ( < 0.05). The anteroposterior and mediolateral COM displacements were strongly and positively associated with VGRF ( < 0.001), while the mediolateral COM displacement was negatively associated with knee extension moment ( < 0.001). The knee internal-external rotation ROM and anteroposterior and mediolateral COM displacements were positively associated with knee abduction moment ( < 0.01).
For long-term tai chi exercises, choosing a suitable posture based on an individual exercise level and reasonable control of knee ROM and COM displacement can reduce the risk of knee injury during exercise.
太极拳因其康复能力和保健益处而在全球范围内得到认可。然而，近年来，一些与太极拳相关的动作已被证明会损害下肢关节。本研究的目的是调查和比较太极拳练习中不同动作、姿势、重心（COM）移动以及膝关节活动范围对膝关节负荷的影响。
招募了14名处于两种姿势（高姿和低姿）的专业太极拳练习者，让他们进行以下四种典型的太极拳动作：野马分鬃（WHM）、倒卷肱（RM）、云手（WHIC）和揽雀尾（GBT）。使用Vicon红外高速运动捕捉系统和三维（3D）力测量平台同步收集运动学和动力学数据。进行方差分析和偏相关分析，以研究影响膝关节峰值力矩和垂直地面反作用力（VGRF）的因素。
结果表明，野马分鬃和倒卷肱中的膝关节伸展和外展峰值力矩大于云手和揽雀尾中的（<0.05）。野马分鬃比其他典型动作具有更大的旋转力矩（<0.05）。不同姿势之间的VGRF和关节力矩存在显著差异。低姿太极拳典型动作比高姿动作具有更大的VGRF、膝关节伸展和外展以及旋转力矩（<0.05）。前后和内外侧COM位移与VGRF呈强正相关（<0.001），而内外侧COM位移与膝关节伸展力矩呈负相关（<0.001）。膝关节内外旋转活动范围以及前后和内外侧COM位移与膝关节外展力矩呈正相关（<0.01）。
对于长期的太极拳练习，根据个人运动水平选择合适的姿势并合理控制膝关节活动范围和COM位移，可以降低运动期间膝关节受伤的风险。
