Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK.
Pharm Res. 2022 Apr;39(4):631-651. doi: 10.1007/s11095-022-03232-y. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
Cutaneous parasites are identified by their specific cutaneous symptoms which are elicited based on the parasite's interactions with the host. Standard anti-parasitic treatments primarily focus on the use of specific drugs to disrupt the regular function of the target parasite. In cases where secondary infections are induced by the parasite itself, antibiotics may also be used in tandem with the primary treatment to deal with the infection. Whilst drug-based treatments are highly effective, the development of resistance by bacteria and parasites, is increasingly prevalent in the modern day, thus requiring the development of non-drug based anti-parasitic strategies. Cutaneous parasites vary significantly in terms of the non-systemic methods that are required to deal with them. The main factors that need to be considered are the specifically elicited cutaneous symptoms and the relative cutaneous depth in which the parasites typically reside in. Due to the various differences in their migratory nature, certain cutaneous strategies are only viable for specific parasites, which then leads to the idea of developing an all-encompassing anti-parasitic strategy that works specifically against cutaneous parasites. The main benefit of this would be the overall time saved in regards to the period that is needed for accurate diagnosis of parasite, coupled with the prescription and application of the appropriate treatment based on the diagnosis. This review will assess the currently identified cutaneous parasites, detailing their life cycles which will allow for the identification of certain areas that could be exploited for the facilitation of cutaneous anti-parasitic treatment.
皮肤寄生虫通过其特定的皮肤症状来识别,这些症状是基于寄生虫与宿主的相互作用而引发的。标准的抗寄生虫治疗主要侧重于使用特定的药物来破坏目标寄生虫的正常功能。在寄生虫自身引起继发性感染的情况下,也可能会与主要治疗方法联合使用抗生素来处理感染。虽然基于药物的治疗方法非常有效,但细菌和寄生虫的耐药性的发展在现代社会越来越普遍,因此需要开发非药物的抗寄生虫策略。处理皮肤寄生虫需要的非系统性方法因寄生虫的不同而有很大差异。需要考虑的主要因素是特定诱发的皮肤症状和寄生虫通常居住的相对皮肤深度。由于其迁移性质的各种差异,某些皮肤策略仅对特定寄生虫有效,这就导致了开发一种全面的抗寄生虫策略的想法,该策略专门针对皮肤寄生虫。这样做的主要好处是在寄生虫准确诊断所需的时间方面节省了总体时间,同时还可以根据诊断开出并应用适当的治疗方法。本综述将评估目前已识别的皮肤寄生虫,详细描述它们的生命周期,这将有助于确定可以利用哪些特定区域来促进皮肤抗寄生虫治疗。
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