Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
Thyroid. 2022 May;32(5):571-580. doi: 10.1089/thy.2021.0686.
Metabolic disorders (MDs) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be associated with thyroid diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MDs and various types of thyroid nodules (TNs), according to gender. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Thyroid Disorders, Iodine Status, and Diabetes Epidemiological (TIDE) survey in China. A total of 56,729 subjects ≥18 years of age were included. Thyroid gland morphology was assessed by thyroid standardized ultrasonography. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals [CIs] for any associations between MDs and TNs. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to gender and TN type (solitary, S-TN; multiple, M-TNs). The prevalence of TNs was increased in several MDs, and was higher in women than men regardless of whether they suffered from MDs (22.0%, CI [21.6-22.5%] vs. 15.7%, CI [15.3-16.7%], < 0.001). TNs were associated with the presence of MDs (OR = 1.189, CI [1.107-1.278], < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.235, CI [1.177-1.296], < 0.001), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; OR = 1.249, CI [1.186-1.316], < 0.001), and hyperuricemia (OR = 1.206, CI [1.126-1.293], < 0.001). MDs and MetS were, respectively, significantly associated with TNs, S-TNs, and M-TNs in men, while MDs were significantly associated with the three TN profiles in women. With respect to dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and high LDL-C had the strongest association with TNs, whereas hypertriglyceridemia had no effect. TNs (especially M-TNs) may be associated with MDs and their various components, and there appear to be some gender-specific associations.
代谢紊乱（MDs）和代谢综合征（MetS）可能与甲状腺疾病有关。本研究旨在根据性别探讨 MDs 与各种类型甲状腺结节（TNs）之间的关系。我们分析了中国甲状腺疾病、碘状态和糖尿病流行病学（TIDE）调查的横断面数据。共纳入 56729 名年龄≥18 岁的受试者。甲状腺形态通过甲状腺标准化超声评估。采用多变量逻辑回归模型探讨 MDs 与 TNs 之间关联的比值比（OR）和置信区间[CI]。根据性别和 TN 类型（单发，S-TN；多发，M-TNs）进行亚组分析。在几种 MDs 中，TNs 的患病率增加，且无论是否患有 MDs，女性的患病率均高于男性（22.0%，CI[21.6-22.5%]比 15.7%，CI[15.3-16.7%]，<0.001）。TNs 与 MDs 的存在相关（OR=1.189，CI[1.107-1.278]，<0.001）、高胆固醇血症（OR=1.235，CI[1.177-1.296]，<0.001）、高 LDL-C（OR=1.249，CI[1.186-1.316]，<0.001）和高尿酸血症（OR=1.206，CI[1.126-1.293]，<0.001）。MDs 和 MetS 分别与男性的 TNs、S-TNs 和 M-TNs 显著相关，而 MDs 与女性的三种 TN 类型均显著相关。就血脂异常而言，高胆固醇血症和高 LDL-C 与 TNs 关联最强，而高甘油三酯血症则无影响。TNs（尤其是 M-TNs）可能与 MDs 及其各个成分相关，且存在一些性别特异性关联。
