Kennett Douglas J, Lipson Mark, Prufer Keith M, Mora-Marín David, George Richard J, Rohland Nadin, Robinson Mark, Trask Willa R, Edgar Heather H J, Hill Ethan C, Ray Erin E, Lynch Paige, Moes Emily, O'Donnell Lexi, Harper Thomas K, Kate Emily J, Ramos Josue, Morris John, Gutierrez Said M, Ryan Timothy M, Culleton Brendan J, Awe Jaime J, Reich David
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 22;13(1):1530. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29158-y.
The genetic prehistory of human populations in Central America is largely unexplored leaving an important gap in our knowledge of the global expansion of humans. We report genome-wide ancient DNA data for a transect of twenty individuals from two Belize rock-shelters dating between 9,600-3,700 calibrated radiocarbon years before present (cal. BP). The oldest individuals (9,600-7,300 cal. BP) descend from an Early Holocene Native American lineage with only distant relatedness to present-day Mesoamericans, including Mayan-speaking populations. After ~5,600 cal. BP a previously unknown human dispersal from the south made a major demographic impact on the region, contributing more than 50% of the ancestry of all later individuals. This new ancestry derived from a source related to present-day Chibchan speakers living from Costa Rica to Colombia. Its arrival corresponds to the first clear evidence for forest clearing and maize horticulture in what later became the Maya region.
中美洲人群的遗传史前史在很大程度上尚未得到探索，这在我们对人类全球扩张的认知中留下了一个重要空白。我们报告了来自伯利兹两个岩棚的20个人的全基因组古代DNA数据，这些数据的校正放射性碳年代在距今9600 - 3700年之间（校正公元前）。最古老的个体（距今9600 - 7300年校正公元前）源自全新世早期的美洲原住民谱系，与当今的中美洲人，包括说玛雅语的人群只有远亲关系。在距今约5600年校正公元前之后，一次来自南方的此前未知的人类迁徙对该地区产生了重大的人口统计学影响，为所有后来个体的祖先贡献了超过50%的血统。这种新的血统源自一个与现今从哥斯达黎加到哥伦比亚的奇布查语使用者相关的源头。它的到来对应着后来成为玛雅地区的地方首次出现森林砍伐和玉米园艺的确切证据。
