Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Planta. 2022 Mar 23;255(4):90. doi: 10.1007/s00425-022-03870-x.
The entire process of embryo development is under the tight control of various transcription factors. Together with other proteins, they act in a combinatorial manner and control distinct events during embryo development. Seed development is a complex process that proceeds through sequences of events regulated by the interplay of various genes, prominent among them being the transcription factors (TFs). The members of WOX, HD-ZIP III, ARF, and CUC families have a preferential role in embryonic patterning. While WOX TFs are required for initiating body axis, HD-ZIP III TFs and CUCs establish bilateral symmetry and SAM. And ARF5 performs a major role during embryonic root, ground tissue, and vasculature development. TFs such as LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2 (LAFL) are considered the master regulators of seed maturation. Furthermore, several new TFs involved in seed storage reserves and dormancy have been identified in the last few years. Their association with those master regulators has been established in the model plant Arabidopsis. Also, using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay coupled with transcriptomics, genome-wide target genes of these master regulators have recently been proposed. Many seed-specific genes, including those encoding oleosins and albumins, have appeared as the direct target of LAFL. Also, several other TFs act downstream of LAFL TFs and perform their function during maturation. In this review, the function of different TFs in different phases of early embryogenesis and maturation is discussed in detail, including information about their genetic and molecular interactors and target genes. Such knowledge can further be leveraged to understand and manipulate the regulatory mechanisms involved in seed development. In addition, the genomics approaches and their utilization to identify TFs aiming to study embryo development are discussed.
胚胎发育的整个过程都受到各种转录因子的严格控制。它们与其他蛋白质一起以组合的方式发挥作用，并控制胚胎发育过程中的不同事件。种子发育是一个复杂的过程，它通过受各种基因相互作用调节的一系列事件进行，其中转录因子（TFs）最为突出。WOX、HD-ZIP III、ARF 和 CUC 家族的成员在胚胎模式形成中具有优先作用。虽然 WOX TFs 是启动体轴所必需的，但 HD-ZIP III TFs 和 CUCs 建立了双边对称性和 SAM。而 ARF5 在胚胎根、地组织和脉管发育中发挥主要作用。LEC1、ABI3、FUS3 和 LEC2（LAFL）等 TF 被认为是种子成熟的主要调节因子。此外，在过去几年中，已经鉴定出几种与种子储存储备和休眠有关的新 TF。在模式植物拟南芥中，已经确定了它们与这些主调节因子的关联。此外，最近使用染色质免疫沉淀（ChIP）测定与转录组学相结合，提出了这些主调节因子的全基因组靶基因。许多种子特异性基因，包括编码油体蛋白和白蛋白的基因，已成为 LAFL 的直接靶标。此外，还有几个其他的 TF 作用于 LAFL TFs 的下游，并在成熟过程中发挥其功能。在这篇综述中，详细讨论了不同 TF 在早期胚胎发生和成熟的不同阶段的功能，包括有关它们的遗传和分子相互作用者和靶基因的信息。这种知识可以进一步用于理解和操纵涉及种子发育的调节机制。此外，还讨论了基因组学方法及其在鉴定旨在研究胚胎发育的 TF 中的利用。
