Sharifkazemi Mohammadbagher, Rezaian Gholamreza, Hosseininejad Elham, Arjangzadeh Alireza
Department of Cardiology, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2022 Mar 18;39:101004. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101004. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Although much is known about the technical aspects of inferior vena cava visualization, it is much less about its counterpart: the superior vena cava (SVC). The aims of this study therefore, were to describe in detail the different possible two dimensional echocardiographic SVC visualization techniques in healthy young adults and to provide a series of values for its dimensions and Doppler signals.
The proximal SVC visualization through the three transthoracic windows was initially established in several adult patients, with or without cardiovascular implantable devices. Subsequently a group of 70 completely healthy adults (35 males and 35 females) were studied to determine the values of SVC dimensions and its pulse Doppler signal characteristics. The visualization windows included: a) Modified apical 5-champber view, b) Modified parasternal short axis view of great vessels and c) Modified subcostal view. The SVC dimensions were measured 3-5 cm above the RA-SVC junction at the end of both hold cardiac and respiratory cycles (systole, diastole and inspiration/expiration, respectively). The peak pulse Doppler velocities were only measured at the end-held expiration.
The largest end systolic proximal SVC dimensions at the end of the expiration and inspiration ranged from 8 to 14.0 mm (11 ± 2 mm) and 8.0-14.0 mm (11 ± 2 mm) respectively, and the highest S wave velocity ranged from 0.5 to 0.7 m/s (0.6 ± 0.0 m/s).
This study has provided a detailed technical description for transthoracic proximal SVC visualization in a group of 70 healthy adults and has furnished sets of values for its dimensions and Doppler signal parameters.
尽管我们对下腔静脉可视化的技术方面了解很多，但对于其对应物——上腔静脉（SVC）的了解却少得多。因此，本研究的目的是详细描述健康年轻成年人中不同的二维超声心动图SVC可视化技术，并提供其尺寸和多普勒信号的一系列数值。
最初在几名成年患者中，通过三个经胸窗口建立了近端SVC可视化，这些患者有无心血管植入设备。随后，对一组70名完全健康的成年人（35名男性和35名女性）进行研究，以确定SVC尺寸及其脉冲多普勒信号特征的值。可视化窗口包括：a）改良的心尖五腔视图，b）改良的大血管胸骨旁短轴视图，c）改良的肋下视图。在心脏和呼吸周期结束时（分别为收缩期、舒张期和吸气/呼气），在右心房-上腔静脉交界处上方3-5厘米处测量SVC尺寸。峰值脉冲多普勒速度仅在呼气末测量。
呼气末和吸气末最大的收缩末期近端SVC尺寸分别为8至14.0毫米（11±2毫米）和8.0至14.0毫米（11±2毫米），最高S波速度为0.5至0.7米/秒（0.6±0.0米/秒）。
本研究为一组70名健康成年人经胸近端SVC可视化提供了详细的技术描述，并提供了其尺寸和多普勒信号参数的数值集。
