Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2022;73(1):51-69. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2022.0196.
The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used for almost 100 years in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children - and adults. The intestinal microbiome has a climax character, and the main factor changing its composition and functions is the diet. Both increased biodiversity and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important indicators of gut barrier function. SCFAs are synthesized by microorganisms through the fermentation of dietary fibre provided with the diet. They are an important element in signal transduction from the digestive system to other tissues. To date, there is little research to determine how the use of KD alters the SCFAs profile of the human stool.
To assess the SCFAs profile in the stool of healthy and active KD users.
Study group: amateur athletes following KD. Control group: amateur athletes following a regular diet (carbohydrates min. 50%); gender: men and women aged 18-60. Material: stool sample (1x10 g). SCFAs content was determined in stool samples using gas chromtography method. Participants completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a 72-hour food diary.
There research has shown differences in the amount of SCFAs, as far as the results obtained from the two groups are concerned. The discrepancies referred to the levels of acetic, butyric, iso-butyric, valeric, and isovaleric acids. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between the consumption of selected dietary components (vegetables, fruits, red meat, poultry, fish, nuts and seeds, sugar, sugar substitutes, fats) and the SCFAs content in the stool of the study group.
High consumption of cruciferous and leaf vegetables, berries and nuts on a ketogenic diet may have a positive effect on the profile of short-chain fatty acids produced by the gut microbiome. Changing the diet towards a greater supply of plant products may prevent proteolytic fermentation and reduce the negative effects of microbiome changes caused by an oversupply of protein and fat in the ketogenic diet.
生酮饮食（KD）在治疗儿童和成人耐药性癫痫方面已经使用了近 100 年。肠道微生物群具有优势特征，改变其组成和功能的主要因素是饮食。增加生物多样性和短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的产生都是肠道屏障功能的重要指标。SCFAs 是微生物通过饮食中提供的膳食纤维发酵产生的。它们是从消化系统向其他组织传递信号的重要元素。迄今为止，很少有研究确定 KD 的使用如何改变人类粪便中 SCFAs 的分布。
评估健康活跃的 KD 用户粪便中的 SCFAs 分布。
研究组：遵循 KD 的业余运动员。对照组：遵循常规饮食（碳水化合物 min. 50%）的业余运动员；性别：18-60 岁的男性和女性。材料：粪便样本（1x10g）。使用气相色谱法测定粪便样本中的 SCFAs 含量。参与者完成了食物频率问卷（FFQ）和 72 小时食物日记。
研究表明，就两组的结果而言，SCFAs 的量存在差异。差异涉及到醋酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸的水平。Spearman 秩相关分析显示，研究组选择的饮食成分（蔬菜、水果、红肉、家禽、鱼、坚果和种子、糖、糖替代品、脂肪）的消耗与粪便中 SCFAs 含量之间存在很强的关系。
在生酮饮食中大量食用十字花科和绿叶蔬菜、浆果和坚果可能对肠道微生物群产生的短链脂肪酸谱有积极影响。饮食向更多植物产品的转变可能会阻止蛋白水解发酵，并减少生酮饮食中蛋白质和脂肪供应过剩对微生物群变化的负面影响。
