State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Institute of Zoonosis Research, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130062, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Mar 15;14(3):211. doi: 10.3390/toxins14030211.
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by , is one of the most prevalent contaminants in livestock feed and causes very large losses to animal husbandry every year. Taraxasterol, isolated from , has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antitumor effects. In the present study, bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) were used as a model, and different concentrations of taraxasterol (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) were used to protect against DON-induced cell damage. The results showed that taraxasterol at a concentration of 10 μg/mL significantly increased cell viability. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels indicated that taraxasterol substantially decreased LDH release caused by DON. Taraxasterol effectively alleviated the depletion of glutathione (GSH), the increase in the lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA), the reduction in total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, and the decrease in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) induced by DON. The results further showed that taraxasterol reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taraxasterol was found to relieve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by suppressing the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and reducing cell apoptosis by suppressing the expression of caspase-3 and Bcl2-associated X (BAX) and upregulating the expression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). Our research results indicate that taraxasterol could alleviate DON-induced damage to MAC-T cells.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是由 产生的一种真菌毒素，是家畜饲料中最常见的污染物之一，每年给畜牧业造成巨大损失。蒲公英甾醇从 中分离得到，具有抗炎、抗氧化应激和抗肿瘤作用。本研究以奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（MAC-T）为模型，用不同浓度（0、1、5、10 和 20 μg/mL）的蒲公英甾醇来保护细胞免受 DON 诱导的损伤。结果表明，浓度为 10 μg/mL 的蒲公英甾醇可显著提高细胞活力。分析乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平表明，蒲公英甾醇可显著减少 DON 引起的 LDH 释放。蒲公英甾醇有效缓解了 DON 诱导的谷胱甘肽（GSH）耗竭、丙二醛（MDA）脂质过氧化增加、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性降低和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）降低。结果进一步表明，蒲公英甾醇减少了活性氧（ROS）的积累。蒲公英甾醇通过抑制葡萄糖调节蛋白 78 kDa（GRP78）的表达、激活转录因子 6（ATF6）、激活转录因子 4（ATF4）和 C/EBP 同源蛋白（CHOP），缓解内质网（ER）应激，减少细胞凋亡，抑制半胱天冬酶-3 和 Bcl2 相关 X（BAX）的表达，上调抗凋亡蛋白 B 细胞淋巴瘤-2（Bcl-2）的表达。研究结果表明，蒲公英甾醇可以减轻 DON 对 MAC-T 细胞的损伤。
