Hartford Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Director of Research - BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0910-2316.
Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción, Chile.
Am J Disaster Med. 2022;16(4):313-318. doi: 10.5055/ajdm.2021.0413.
Chile is one of the most seismically active nations in the world. Due to the frequency of earthquakes, the Chilean government has invested heavily in several earthquake mitigation strategies and is able to boast impressively low numbers of deaths after relatively strong earthquakes. These include earthquake-centered building codes, which help prevent collapses, early detection technologies, early warning systems, public awareness campaigns, and unified command of responding agencies. Disaster risk management is a field in need of more evidence-based recommendations, and taking cues from successful programs such as these is vital to decrease global deaths. There is still room for improvement. Individual frontline responders have sought out further training specific to earthquakes, and the frequency of earthquakes in the country has led to impressive institutional knowledge. However, there needs to be more universal, standardized response training. Additionally, although all responders are brought under one umbrella during a disaster, there is a lack of coordinated training, with most responder training occurring in silos. Further investment in preparedness, and a strong focus on mitigation and prevention of disasters is vital across a number of disasters. Fast onset disasters like earthquakes are especially amenable to mitigation strategies such as those in place in Chile.
智利是世界上地震活动最频繁的国家之一。由于地震频发，智利政府在多项地震缓解策略上投入巨资，因此在相对强烈的地震后能够自豪地报告极低的死亡人数。这些策略包括以地震为中心的建筑规范，有助于防止建筑物倒塌；早期检测技术；预警系统；公众宣传活动；以及对响应机构的统一指挥。灾害风险管理是一个需要更多基于证据的建议的领域，从这些成功的项目中吸取经验教训对于减少全球死亡人数至关重要。仍有改进的空间。个别一线响应人员已经寻求针对地震的进一步专项培训，并且该国地震的频繁发生导致了令人印象深刻的机构知识。然而，需要更普遍、更标准化的响应培训。此外，尽管在灾难期间所有响应人员都被纳入一个保护伞下，但协调培训不足，大多数响应人员的培训都是在各自的领域进行的。进一步投资于备灾工作，并高度重视减轻和预防灾害，对多种灾害都至关重要。像地震这样突发灾害特别适合智利实施的缓解策略。
