Application of unlaminated EBT3 film dosimeter for quantification of dose enhancement using silver nanoparticle-embedded alginate film.

The paper describes the application of unlaminated Gafchromic EBT3 film dosimeter for quantification of dose enhancement using locally synthesized silver nanoparticle-embedded alginate film (AgNPs-Alg film) for nanoparticles-aided radiotherapy.AgNPs-Alg film was synthesized and characterized using standard techniques. The unlaminated Gafchromic EBT3 film was specially customized for dosimetric measurement. The dose enhancements due to AgNPs-Alg film was experimentally determined for ISO wide spectrum x-rays series (average energy ranging from 57-137 keV) and 6 and 10 MV x-rays using laminated and unlaminated Gafchromic EBT3 film. The radiation dose of 1 Gy was delivered to a combination of AgNPs-Alg films and EBT3 film.Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy of silver nanoparticles shows a surface plasmon resonance peak at 400 nm. The average particle size of 13 ± 2 nm was measured using Atomic Force Microscopy. For unlaminated film, the dose enhancements of 29%, 23%, 14% and 2% was observed for ISO wide spectrum x-rays having average energy of 57, 79, 104 and 137 keV, respectively. The dose enhancement was negligible for 6 and 10 MV x-rays. In the case of laminated film, no significant dose enhancement was measured for all the x-ray energies.The unlaminated Gafchromic EBT3 film can be a suitable choice for the measurement of dose enhancement. Further, silver nanoparticles can be used during nanoparticle-aided radiotherapy when irradiated at low x-ray energy.