Piñeiro-Pérez Raquel, Abal Miguel, Muinelo-Romay Laura
Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Mar 9;14(6):1405. doi: 10.3390/cancers14061405.
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecological cancer in developed countries and its incidence shows an increasing trend. Fortunately, the prognosis of the disease is good when the tumour is diagnosed in an early phase, but some patients recur after surgery and develop distant metastasis. The therapy options for EC for advanced disease are more limited than for other tumours. Therefore, the application of non-invasive strategies to anticipate the recurrence of localized tumours and guide the treatment in advanced stages represents a clear requirement to improve the survival and quality of life of patients with EC. To achieve this desired precision oncology, it is necessary to invest in the identification and validation of circulating markers that allow a more effective stratification and monitoring of patients. We here review the main advances made for the evaluation of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs), and other non-invasive biomarkers as a monitoring tool in the context of localized and advanced endometrial tumours, with the aim of providing a global perspective of the achievements and the key areas in which the use of these markers can be developed into a real clinical tool.
子宫内膜癌（EC）是发达国家最常见的妇科癌症，其发病率呈上升趋势。幸运的是，若肿瘤在早期被诊断，该疾病的预后良好，但一些患者术后会复发并发生远处转移。与其他肿瘤相比，晚期EC的治疗选择更为有限。因此，应用非侵入性策略来预测局部肿瘤的复发并指导晚期治疗，显然是提高EC患者生存率和生活质量的必要条件。为了实现这种理想的精准肿瘤学，有必要投入精力识别和验证循环标志物，以便更有效地对患者进行分层和监测。在此，我们综述了在局部和晚期子宫内膜肿瘤背景下，作为监测工具评估循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）、循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）、循环细胞外囊泡（cEV）及其他非侵入性生物标志物方面取得的主要进展，旨在全面了解这些标志物的研究成果以及可将其应用发展为实际临床工具的关键领域。
