Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 8;19(6):3158. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063158.
The COVID-19 outbreak, which was followed by home confinement, is expected to have had profound negative impact on the mental health of people. Associated factors, such as losing jobs and income, can be expected to lead to an increased risk of suffering from psychopathological problems. Therefore, this study was aimed at researching the associations of job and income loss with mental health, as well as the possible mediating role of perceived financial stress during the COVID-19 outbreak. The sample included 2381 Spanish workers who were interviewed right after the first COVID-19 lockdown. Measures were taken for generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, working conditions, sociodemographic variables, and perceived financial stress. Logistic regression models were calculated with psychological variables as outcomes, and with job loss and income loss as predictors. Mediation analyses were performed by adding the financial threat as a mediator. Nineteen point six percent and 33.9% of participants reported having lost their jobs and incomes due to the pandemic, respectively. Only income loss was related to a higher risk of suffering from depression and panic attacks. When adding financial stress as a mediator, the indirect effects of job and income loss on the mental health measures were found to be significant, therefore indicating mediation. These findings pinpoint the vulnerability of this population, and highlight the need for interventional and preventive programs targeting mental health in economic crisis scenarios, such as the current one. They also highlight the importance of implementing social and income policies during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent mental health problems.
新冠疫情爆发后，人们被迫居家隔离，这预计会对他们的心理健康产生深远的负面影响。失去工作和收入等相关因素可能会导致患心理病理问题的风险增加。因此，本研究旨在研究疫情期间工作和收入损失与心理健康之间的关系，以及感知到的经济压力在其中可能起到的中介作用。该研究的样本包括 2381 名西班牙工人，他们在第一次新冠封锁后立即接受了采访。研究采用了广泛性焦虑障碍、恐慌症、抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍、药物滥用、自杀念头和行为、工作条件、社会人口统计学变量以及感知到的经济压力等措施进行评估。使用逻辑回归模型，将心理变量作为因变量，将失业和收入损失作为自变量进行分析。通过添加经济威胁作为中介变量，进行了中介分析。19.6%和 33.9%的参与者分别报告因疫情失业和收入损失。只有收入损失与患抑郁症和恐慌症的风险增加有关。当添加经济压力作为中介变量时，失业和收入损失对心理健康测量的间接影响具有统计学意义，表明存在中介作用。这些发现突显了这一人群的脆弱性，并强调了在当前这种经济危机情景下，需要针对心理健康问题实施干预和预防计划。它们还强调了在新冠疫情期间实施社会和收入政策以预防心理健康问题的重要性。
