Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 9;19(6):3215. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063215.
Biosecurity plays a critical role in preventing and controlling the introduction and spread of infectious diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic in China triggered a nationwide lockdown policy which reduced most of the daily activities of people, but the pig industry was encouraged to ensure the pork supply. An investigation of biosecurity practices in intensive pig farms across several provinces in China was conducted in June 2020 via questionnaire to evaluate the factors that may pose viral diseases risk to the farms during the lockdown period from January to May 2020. A total of 50 farms in 12 provinces of China were engaged. Fourteen of them were classified as positive farms since at least one viral disease was presented during this period, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (seven farms), porcine epidemic diarrhea (three farms), and pseudorabies (one farm). The other three farms only reported their disease positive status but refused to release disease names. The overall farm level prevalence of viral disease was 28.0% (95%CI: 16.3-42.5%). A logistic regression model was built to identify risk/protective factors for farm positivity. In the multivariable logistic regression model, the risk factor of dead pig 'removal by the others' (OR = 8.0, 95%CI: 1.5, 43.5) was found to be significantly associated with viral disease positivity. On-farm incineration pits are highly recommended to be the administered for the harmless treatment of dead pigs. This is not only crucial for controlling the transmission of viral diseases but also plays a key role in reducing activity in the illegal dead meat business. According to previous studies, factors such as adapting an all-in-all-out system, on-farm incineration pits, and requiring workers to wash their hands regularly would reduce the risk of virus transmission, even though these factors did not show significance in our study. The results of our study could help to design better surveillance strategies in China and other countries.
生物安全在预防和控制传染病的传入和传播方面发挥着至关重要的作用。中国的 COVID-19 大流行引发了全国性的封锁政策，这减少了人们的大部分日常活动，但鼓励养猪业确保猪肉供应。2020 年 6 月，通过问卷对中国几个省份的集约化养猪场进行了生物安全实践调查，以评估 2020 年 1 月至 5 月封锁期间可能对农场造成病毒病风险的因素。共有来自中国 12 个省的 50 个农场参与了这项调查。其中 14 个被归类为阳性农场，因为在此期间至少有一种病毒病发生，包括猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（7 个农场）、猪流行性腹泻（3 个农场）和伪狂犬病（1 个农场）。另外三个农场仅报告了其疾病阳性状态，但拒绝公布疾病名称。病毒性疾病的总体农场流行率为 28.0%（95%CI：16.3-42.5%）。建立了一个逻辑回归模型来识别农场阳性的风险/保护因素。在多变量逻辑回归模型中，发现“他人处理死猪”（OR=8.0，95%CI：1.5，43.5）是与病毒病阳性显著相关的风险因素。强烈建议在农场内设置焚化坑，用于对死猪进行无害处理。这不仅对控制病毒病的传播至关重要，而且对减少非法死猪肉交易活动也起着关键作用。根据以往的研究，采用全进全出系统、农场内焚化坑以及要求工人经常洗手等措施可以降低病毒传播的风险，尽管这些因素在我们的研究中没有显示出显著意义。我们的研究结果有助于在中国和其他国家设计更好的监测策略。
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