Business Economics, Department of Social Sciences Wageningen UR, Hollandseweg 1 Building 201 P.O. Box 8130, 6700 EW, Wageningen, The Netherlands; School of Business, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Raya Pajajaran, SB-IPB Building 16151, Bogor, Indonesia.
Department Management, Faculty of Economic and Management, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia.
Prev Vet Med. 2020 Mar;176:104910. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104910. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
Biosecurity is important to prevent introduction and spread of infectious diseases, including Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI). HPAI is currently endemic in Indonesia and it has triggered the adoption of a biosecurity policy. Although there is anecdotal evidence about the level of biosecurity on Indonesian broiler farms, formal evidence is lacking, as well as knowledge about determinants of low biosecurity levels. This paper has two main objectives: 1) to assess the levels of biosecurity measures across different farm business types, and (2) to analyze the determining factors, with a special reference to farm business type, for the level of biosecurity and the availability of biosecurity infrastructure in the West Java poultry farms. A multi-stage sampling procedure was applied to collect data from approximately 400 broiler farmers in four districts in West Java province, namely Ciamis, Tasikmalaya, Subang and Sukabumi. Data were collected through farmer interviews and direct observation at the farms. The Biosecurity Control Score (BCS), consisting of 16 practice indicators, and the Farm Infrastructures for Biosecurity (FIB) list consisting of 16 building or physical set-ups as biosecurity facilities were used to assess the level of biosecurity. Determinants of biosecurity measures were analyzed via tobit regression analysis. The results show that the BCS was associated with the total number of birds per cycle, and risk perception (P < 0.05). The BCS was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the farm business types 'independent farming', 'price contract farming' and 'company' compared to the 'makloon contract farming' business type (farming for a fee). Physical set-ups as farm infrastructure for biosecurity (FIB) were associated with the total number of birds per cycle, and with risk perception (P < 0.05). FIB was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the farm business types 'independent farming', 'price contract farming' and 'company' compared to makloon contract farming. The results of this study suggest that business types play a significant role in determining biosecurity practices; a makloon contract farm (farming for a fee) tends to have a lower level of biosecurity than other business types due to lack of incentives. Consequently, in developing incentives for improved biosecurity measures. policymakers should encourage farm registration, and at the same time develop incentives that support the independent and price contract farming.
生物安全对于预防传染病的引入和传播非常重要，包括高致病性禽流感（HPAI）。HPAI 目前在印度尼西亚流行，这引发了生物安全政策的采用。尽管有关于印度尼西亚肉鸡养殖场生物安全水平的传闻证据，但缺乏正式证据，也缺乏关于低生物安全水平决定因素的知识。本文有两个主要目标：1）评估不同农场经营类型的生物安全措施水平，以及 2）分析决定生物安全水平和西爪哇家禽养殖场生物安全基础设施可用性的因素，特别参考农场经营类型。采用多阶段抽样程序从西爪哇省四个地区（Ciamis、Tasikmalaya、Subang 和 Sukabumi）的大约 400 名肉鸡养殖户收集数据。数据通过农民访谈和农场直接观察收集。生物安全控制评分（BCS）由 16 个实践指标组成，农场生物安全基础设施（FIB）清单由 16 个建筑或物理设施作为生物安全设施组成，用于评估生物安全水平。通过 Tobit 回归分析分析生物安全措施的决定因素。结果表明，BCS 与每个周期的鸟类总数和风险感知有关（P < 0.05）。与“makloon 合同养殖”业务类型（收费养殖）相比，“独立养殖”、“价格合同养殖”和“公司”的农场业务类型的 BCS 明显更高（P < 0.05）。作为农场生物安全基础设施（FIB）的物理设施与每个周期的鸟类总数和风险感知有关（P < 0.05）。与 makloon 合同养殖相比，“独立养殖”、“价格合同养殖”和“公司”的农场业务类型的 FIB 明显更高（P < 0.05）。本研究结果表明，业务类型在确定生物安全措施方面起着重要作用；由于缺乏激励，makloon 合同农场（收费养殖）的生物安全水平往往低于其他业务类型。因此，在制定激励措施以改善生物安全措施时，政策制定者应鼓励农场注册，同时制定支持独立和价格合同养殖的激励措施。
