Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal.
Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 18;19(6):3623. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063623.
Padel, an increasingly popular sport, presents some associated cardiovascular risks, which can be prevented by heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring. However, there is no study worldwide that characterizes HRV during padel games. Therefore, this study aims to monitor HRV responses and characterize them using linear and non-linear metrics at three timepoints: at baseline, during a game, and during recovery. Twenty-seven amateur participants had their HRV monitored before, during, and after a 90 min padel game. We extracted time, frequency, and non-linear measures with MATLAB for baseline, rest period, and at three periods of 5 min during the game. The differences in measures were assessed through an ANOVA. The autonomic modulation was affected by the padel match in amateur players. In this regard, the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSsd), Poincaré plot (perpendicular standard deviation (SD1) and horizontal standard deviation (SD2)), sample entropy (SampEn), low frequencies (LF), and very low frequencies (VLF) were significantly reduced during the game, whereas alpha-2, high frequencies (HF), and the ratio between low and high frequencies (LF/HF) increased during the game. Furthermore, an abrupt change was found in the autonomic modulation between game and recovery assessments, which suggests the need to rethink the practices of cool-down protocols. The multiple timepoints analyzed during this study allow us to investigate the evolution of different HRV measures in the time, frequency, and non-linear domains, clarifying the interpretation of the variables, especially the less-investigated ones such as the non-linear measures.
壁球是一项越来越流行的运动，它会带来一些相关的心血管风险，可以通过心率变异性（HRV）监测来预防。然而，目前全球还没有研究描述壁球比赛中的 HRV。因此，本研究旨在通过线性和非线性指标监测壁球比赛中的 HRV 反应，并对其进行特征描述，监测对象为 27 名业余壁球运动员。在 90 分钟的壁球比赛前、中、后，我们使用 MATLAB 提取了时间、频率和非线性指标，共三个时间点：基线、休息期和比赛期间的三个 5 分钟时间段。通过方差分析评估了这些指标的差异。壁球比赛会影响业余运动员的自主神经调节。具体而言，窦性心搏的连续差异的均方根（RMSsd）、庞加莱图（垂直标准差（SD1）和水平标准差（SD2））、样本熵（SampEn）、低频（LF）和极低频（VLF）在比赛期间显著降低，而阿尔法-2、高频（HF）和低频与高频的比值（LF/HF）在比赛期间增加。此外，在比赛和恢复评估之间，自主神经调节发生了突然变化，这表明需要重新思考恢复阶段的练习方案。本研究对多个时间点进行了分析，能够在时间、频率和非线性域中研究不同 HRV 指标的演变，有助于对变量进行更清晰的解释，尤其是对那些研究较少的变量，如非线性指标。
