Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo, s/n, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2020 Dec;45(4):241-247. doi: 10.1007/s10484-020-09478-9.
Disorientation is one of the most important hazards in flights, but there is a need for a deeper analysis of its effect on the psychophysiological response of pilots. This study aimed to analyse the effect of disorientation training in cortical arousal, autonomic modulation, muscle strength, and perception. We analysed 39 male pilots of the Spanish Army and Air Force (27 Helicopter Pilots, 7 Transport Pilots and 5 F-18 Fighter Pilots) before and after disorientation training. Disorientation training produced an increase in perceived stress and effort in Helicopter Pilots (HP) and Transport Pilots (TP), and lower Heart Rate Variability (RMSSD) in all pilots. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and Handgrip Strength were more negatively affected among HP than in TP. RPE was more negatively affected in HP than among Fighter Pilots (FP). Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1) were significantly higher in FP (FVC 5.44 ± .407 l, FEV1 4.57 ± .407 l) than in HP (FVC 4.73 ± .547 l, FEV1 3.79 ± .712 l). Disorientation training affects the psychophysiological response of pilots, and different responses are depending on each job profile. These results could help to improve specific training for better preparation of pilots that face disorientation threats.
迷失方向是飞行中最重要的危险之一，但需要更深入地分析其对飞行员心理生理反应的影响。本研究旨在分析定向训练对皮质唤醒、自主调节、肌肉力量和感知的影响。我们分析了 39 名西班牙陆军和空军的男性飞行员（27 名直升机飞行员、7 名运输机飞行员和 5 名 F-18 战斗机飞行员）在定向训练前后的情况。定向训练导致直升机飞行员（HP）和运输机飞行员（TP）的感知压力和努力增加，所有飞行员的心率变异性（RMSSD）降低。所有飞行员的感觉用力评分（RPE）和握力都受到更大的负面影响。HP 中的 RPE 比 TP 更受负面影响。HP 中的 RPE 比战斗机飞行员（FP）更受负面影响。FP 的用力肺活量（FVC）和 1 秒用力呼气量（FEV1）明显高于 HP（FVC 5.44±.407 l，FEV1 4.57±.407 l）。定向训练会影响飞行员的心理生理反应，而不同的反应取决于每个工作岗位。这些结果有助于改进特定培训，使飞行员更好地应对定向威胁。
