Szwamel Katarzyna, Kaczorowska Antonina, Lepsy Ewelina, Mroczek Agata, Golachowska Magdalena, Mazur Ewa, Panczyk Mariusz
Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Katowicka 68 Street, 45-060 Opole, Poland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, 40-555 Katowice, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 18;19(6):3634. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063634.
The study aims at analysing the occupational burnout phenomenon, the level of anxiety and depression, as well as the quality of life (QOL) of healthcare workers (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 497 healthcare workers examined across Poland. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Short Form (WHOQOL BREF) were used. A total of 71.63% (356) of the respondents presented high and moderate levels of emotional exhaustion during the pandemic, 71.43% (355) reported low and moderate job satisfaction levels, whereas 40.85% (203) displayed high and moderate levels of depersonalization. A group of 62.57% ( = 311) demonstrated clear or borderline states of anxiety disorders, while 38.83% ( = 193) suffered from depression or its borderline symptoms. Direct predictors of occupational burnout included: escalating depression; quality of life domains such as the physical, psychological and social; being provided personal protective equipment (PPE) by an employer; age; medical profession; and material status. Emotional exhaustion appeared to be much higher in nursing and 'other' medical professionals than in physiotherapists ( = 0.023). In the times of pandemic, the occupational burnout prophylaxis ought to be focused on early recognition of depression like symptoms and their treatment, as well as providing the staff with PPE and satisfying earnings.
该研究旨在分析新冠疫情期间医护人员的职业倦怠现象、焦虑和抑郁水平以及生活质量（QOL）。波兰各地共有497名医护人员接受了检查。使用了马氏职业倦怠量表（MBI）、医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）和世界卫生组织生活质量简表（WHOQOL BREF）。共有71.63%（356）的受访者在疫情期间表现出高度和中度的情绪耗竭，71.43%（355）报告工作满意度处于低水平和中等水平，而40.85%（203）表现出高度和中度的去个性化。62.57%（=311）的人群表现出明显或临界的焦虑症状态，而38.83%（=193）患有抑郁症或其临界症状。职业倦怠的直接预测因素包括：抑郁症加剧；身体、心理和社会等生活质量领域；雇主提供个人防护装备（PPE）；年龄；医学专业；以及物质状况。护士和“其他”医学专业人员的情绪耗竭似乎比物理治疗师高得多（=0.023）。在疫情期间，职业倦怠的预防应侧重于早期识别类似抑郁症的症状及其治疗，以及为工作人员提供个人防护装备和令人满意的收入。
