Procházka Lukáš, Boháčová Jana, Vojvodíková Barbara
Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, L. Podeste 1875, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Mar 8;15(6):2010. doi: 10.3390/ma15062010.
The results of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) tests in alkali-activated systems show that, with its use, it is possible to produce promising materials with the required properties. Unfortunately, GGBS is becoming a scarce commodity on the market, so the effort is to partially replace its volume in these materials with other secondary materials, while maintaining the original properties. This paper focuses on a comparison of two basic types of mixtures. The first mixture was prepared only from ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and the second type of mixture was prepared with admixtures, where the admixtures formed a total of 30% (15% of the replacement was fly ash after denitrification-FA, and 15% of the replacement was cement by-pass dust-CBPD). These mixtures were prepared with varying amounts of activator and tested. The experiment monitored the development of strength over time and the influence of different types of aggressive environments on the strength characteristics. Thermal analysis and FTIR were used in the experiment to determine the degradation products. The paper provides an interesting comparison of the resistance results of different composites in aggressive environments and at the same time an evaluation of the behavior of individual mixtures in different types of aggressive environment. After 28 days of maturation, the highest strengths were obtained with mixtures with the lowest doses of activator. The difference in these compressive strengths was around 25% in favor of the mixtures with only GGBS; in the case of flexural strength, this difference was around 23%. The largest decreases in strength were achieved in the XA3 environment. This environment contains the highest concentration of sulfate ions according to the EN 206-1 standard. The decreases in compressive strength were 40-45%, compared to the same old reference series. The surface degraded due to sulfate ions. Calcium sulphate dihydrate was identified by FTIR, thermal analysis and SEM as a degradation product.
碱激发体系中粒化高炉矿渣（GGBS）试验结果表明，使用该矿渣能够制备出具有所需性能的有前景的材料。不幸的是，GGBS在市场上正变得稀缺，因此人们努力用其他二次材料部分替代其在这些材料中的用量，同时保持原有性能。本文重点比较两种基本类型的混合物。第一种混合物仅由粒化高炉矿渣（GGBS）制备而成，第二种混合物则添加了外加剂，其中外加剂共占30%（替代量的15%为脱硝后飞灰-FA，15%为水泥旁路粉尘-CBPD）。这些混合物使用不同用量的激发剂进行制备并测试。该实验监测了强度随时间的发展以及不同类型侵蚀性环境对强度特性的影响。实验中使用热分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）来确定降解产物。本文提供了不同复合材料在侵蚀性环境中的抗性结果的有趣比较，同时还评估了各混合物在不同类型侵蚀性环境中的性能表现。养护28天后，激发剂用量最低的混合物获得了最高强度。这些抗压强度的差异约为25%，有利于仅含GGBS的混合物；抗弯强度方面，该差异约为23%。在XA3环境中强度下降最大。根据EN 206-1标准，该环境中硫酸根离子浓度最高。与相同的旧参考系列相比，抗压强度下降了40-45%。表面因硫酸根离子而降解。通过FTIR、热分析和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）鉴定出二水硫酸钙为降解产物。
